Volume 3, Issue 1 (2012)
LRR 2012, 3(1): 85-112 |
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Sharifi S, Pahlavannezhad M R, Azadmanesh M. A Survey and Comparison on Verbal Back Channel Signals in Persian Conversations. LRR 2012; 3 (1) :85-112
URL: http://lrr.modares.ac.ir/article-14-3672-en.html
URL: http://lrr.modares.ac.ir/article-14-3672-en.html
1- Associate Professor, Department of General Linguistics, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2- Associate Professor, Department of General Linguistics, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
3- M.A. Student, Department of General Linguistics, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2- Associate Professor, Department of General Linguistics, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
3- M.A. Student, Department of General Linguistics, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
Abstract: (5994 Views)
This survey is dedicated to the study of Persian reactive tokens. Reactive tokens are short utterances such as “hmm”, “mm”, and alike, which are produced by the listener when he/she is listening. They do not require answers on the part of the speakers and they do not cause changing of the turn. Reactive tokens influence the success of the ongoing conversation. Their importance is understood in their absence. If they are used improperly, the conversation is disturbed. Without considering these tokens, we will ignore the important features of conversations. To our knowledge, no research has so far examined these token.
In the corpus of this research, 960 tokens are transcribed in all the conversations, including face to face and telephone conversations, and studied in conversational analysis framework. Furthermore, super-segmental features and the degrees of reactive tokens’ influences are explored. The results showed that reactive tokens have different meaning in different context and we can consider a canonical and a non-canonical meaning for them. Also a spectrum for the degree of their influence is presented. The aim of this study is discovering the meanings and function of reactive tokens and some factors influencing their meaning in the conversations.
Keywords: Reactive tokens, Generic back channels, Content back channels, Super segmental features, context, Implicature, Persian conversations
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