Tarbiat Modares University
Language Related Research
2322-3081
2383-0816
7
2
2016
5
1
Semiotic Analysis of Jealousy in Sadegh Hedayat’s “Forgiveness”
1
17
FA
Akram
Ayati
Assistant Professor of French Language and Literature, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
Y
Najmeh
Akbari
M.A. of French language and literature at the University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
N
"Forgiveness" is a collection of stories of Sadegh Hedayat’s Three drops of blood. It narrates the story of a woman whose jealousy causes the death of the first and second children of his husband’s second wife and the latter. The history is full of sense of reproach and suffering of the feelings of jealousy. In this study, we try to analyze, following the theory of Landowski on the human feelings and the patterns provided by experts as Greimas, Fontanille and Landowski about the human emotions’s production, the "jealousy" through the perspective of semiotics of passion. The aim of this research is to show how this feeling takes the discursive properties. We will also examine how the status of emotion of jealousy in this story corresponds with the systematic patterns of semiotics of Paris school and its recent theories. This review will provide and assess the applicability of these models on the Persian literary products.
Semiotics of Passion,Pat hemic dimension of discourse,jealousy,"forgiveness",Sadegh Hedayat
http://lrr.modares.ac.ir/article-14-9233-en.html
http://lrr.modares.ac.ir/article-14-9233-en.pdf
Tarbiat Modares University
Language Related Research
2322-3081
2383-0816
7
2
2016
5
1
Critical Discourse Analysis of naming strategy and representation of Iran in Time magazine from 1920s
1
18
FA
Reza
Kheirabadi
Member of organization for educational research and planning, Tehran, Iran
Y
Linguistic mechanisms of representation (Personalization/ Impersonalization ) of social actors in Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), especially van Leeuwen’s approach to CDA has been longly in the center of attention. This prominence will be much higher when the subject of the study is naming strategy and representation of “Iran” as one of the most important actors of the Middle East and the socio-political and ideological rival of the United States of America. In this article, we studied the naming and representation (exclusion/inclusion) strategy of Time magazine toward Iran/the Islamic Republic of Iran within van Leeuwen socio-semantic framework. The data has been gathered from the archive of time magazine from 1920s to 2010 . The findings showed that both the frequency and the addressing method of Iran in Time magazine has been considerably divergent within decades and through the time. While the name of “Iran” has been mentioned for more than 5600 times in this corpus, the official title of “the Islamic Republic of Iran” has gone under an extremely exclusion process and repeated for only 8 times, all of these cases are oriented with clearly biased adjectives and modifiers. The findings of this research may be interesting for both scholars and public audience of the mass media.
Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA),Naming strategy of Iran,Time Magazine,van Leeuwen framework
http://lrr.modares.ac.ir/article-14-8448-en.html
http://lrr.modares.ac.ir/article-14-8448-en.pdf
Tarbiat Modares University
Language Related Research
2322-3081
2383-0816
7
2
2016
5
1
The Analysis of Restrictive and Non-Restrictive Relative Clauses in Farsi and German
19
32
FA
kaveh
bahrami
Assistant Professor of German Language and Literature, martyr Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
Y
The present paper is a typological analysis of restrictive and non-restrictive relative clauses in Farsi and German. This study makes an attempt to determine the elements used in Farsi and German to differentiate restrictive relative clauses from non-restrictive ones. A second question that this study aims to answer is which noun phrases can serve as the head of relative clauses. The results show that Farsi as well as English, Bemba and Hebrew use formal elements to differentiate between the two types of relative clauses. In German, however, semantic and pragmatic elements are used for the same purpose. The results further show that in both languages, there are restrictions in the choice of referents for relative clauses. An example of such restriction is that in German, unlike in Farsi, a proper noun cannot serve as the head of a restrictive relative clause.
restrictive relative clause,non-restrictive relative clause,Semantics,conjunction,Typology
http://lrr.modares.ac.ir/article-14-6842-en.html
http://lrr.modares.ac.ir/article-14-6842-en.pdf
Tarbiat Modares University
Language Related Research
2322-3081
2383-0816
7
2
2016
5
1
Passive in Sŏranī and Kurmanji Kurdish based on Role and Reference Grammar
33
47
FA
Fathemeh
Daneshpazhouh
Ph.D. in Linguistics, PNU, Tehran, Iran
Y
Gholamhosein
Karimidustan
Ph.D. in linguistics, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
N
The purpose of this study is to examine the passive in Sŏranī and Kurmanji Kurdish based on Role and Reference Grammar. The strategy of the research is analytic-comparative. Sŏranī and Kurmanji, respectively, manifest morphological and periphrastic passive voice. In Sŏranī (Mahǎbǎdi) passive is marked by suffix rǎ/rě attached to a verb and in Kurmanji by the auxiliary verb hǎtin "to come" along with infinitive. In this study, it is shown that despite the past transitive constructions in Kurmanji and Sŏranī, respectively, display ergative morphology and non-accusative (neither ergative nor accusative), the passive is insensitive to the tense, namely, passive in the past and present tenses follows the same pattern of accusative languages and it shows that passive construction canonically involve two phenomena of the universal formulation of basic voice oppositions in Van Valin (2007): privileged syntactic argument (PSA) modulation and argument modulation. Furthermore, this study shows that the Role and Reference Grammar approach cannot make a clear account about those non-active structures that form from intransitive complex verbs.
passive,Role and Reference Grammar,privileged syntactic argument (PSA),Sŏranī Kurdish,Kurmanji Kurdish
http://lrr.modares.ac.ir/article-14-2916-en.html
http://lrr.modares.ac.ir/article-14-2916-en.pdf
Tarbiat Modares University
Language Related Research
2322-3081
2383-0816
7
2
2016
5
1
Lexical feature and syntactic position of obligatory adverbs in Persian
73
86
FA
Ali
Darzi
Professor of Linguistics, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
N
Zahra
Labafan-Khosh
Ph.D. Linguistics, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
Y
Abstract This paper scrutinizes the lexical feature and syntactic position of the so-called obligatory adverbs in Persian. Previous studies have viewed Persian adverbs under two classifications, namely obligatory adjuncts and optional adjuncts, with no account of their syntactic position. Within Minimalist theory, following the specifier treatment of adverbs, we propose that obligatory adverbs, in sharp contrast with other adverbs, occupy no specifier position of any dedicated functional projections, rather they are base generated in the specifier position of Verb Phrase.
locality matching,obligatory adverb,specifier,Verb Phrase,uninterpretable feature
http://lrr.modares.ac.ir/article-14-3048-en.html
http://lrr.modares.ac.ir/article-14-3048-en.pdf
Tarbiat Modares University
Language Related Research
2322-3081
2383-0816
7
2
2016
5
1
Aesthetic Functions of Grammatical Markers in Contemporary Poetry
87
104
FA
Mahdi
Dehrami
Assistant Professor of Persian Language and Literature, University of Jiroft, Kerman, Iran
Y
Grammatical markers are those types of words by which the function of other words in the sentence is recognized. At first glance, grammatical words have no task except linking other words together, and are not amongst words towards which poets have any special concern. But studying them in poetry shows that they have various artistic functions and can be counted as effective tools by poet for constructing the language of his poem. This study aims at analyzing the aesthetic functions of grammatical words in contemporary poetry, and with an inductive method delineates that they are as essential as other words in the structure of poetic language and the effectiveness and foregrounding of speech. This category words influence the foregrounding of poetry both semantically and syntactically, and are employed as instruments for the emphasizing and foregrounding meaning, emotion and thought, and also as elements in creating music, irregularity, building of new linguistic forms, creativity and innovation in the field of poetry. Beginning or ending poems or lines of poems by some of these conjunctions, creative clustering or omitting of these words, and emphasizing the meaning by the proper employment of these words in the syntactic context of the poems are examples of the most significant aesthetic functions of grammatical markers in contemporary poetry.
aesthetic function,contemporary poetry,poetic language,grammatical markers
http://lrr.modares.ac.ir/article-14-10689-en.html
http://lrr.modares.ac.ir/article-14-10689-en.pdf
Tarbiat Modares University
Language Related Research
2322-3081
2383-0816
7
2
2016
5
1
Pro enunciative role of metaphor in restoration of communication process in Nima Youshij \'s letters
105
121
FA
Roya
Rezaee
PhD student of Persian language and literature, University of Sistan and Baluchestan
N
Mohammadamir
Mashhadi
Associtant professor of Persian Language and Literature, University of Sistan and Baluchestan
Y
Abbas
Nikbakht
Assistant professor of Persian Language and Literature, University of Sistan and Baluchestan
N
Any discourse is the domain of producing and receiving the meaning and different factors involved in the formation of this process. Metaphor is considered as one of meaning creating elements in various types of discourses. This article has adopted a semiotic-semantic approach which takes a look at the function of discourse devices of metaphor in the production process of meaning and the way Nima Youshij communicates in discourse of his letters. By pro enunciative role we mean the use of metaphor as a technique employed by the speaker to highlight a part of the utterance, to impact further on the audience, to support the utterance, to repair the chaotic relations, to cover up emotions, to induce a certain sense to the audience in the discourse. This research is going to denote the role of metaphor in the formation of meaning and cohesion in the discourse; to evaluate the effectiveness of metaphor application and to investigate other functions of metaphor inn the discourse. Therefore, the most important communicative functions of metaphor in Nima's letters have been classified and analyzed.
pro enunciation,Key words: Discourse,metaphor,communication process,Nima Youshi's letters
http://lrr.modares.ac.ir/article-14-3309-en.html
http://lrr.modares.ac.ir/article-14-3309-en.pdf
Tarbiat Modares University
Language Related Research
2322-3081
2383-0816
7
2
2016
5
1
A survey and analysis for the Abdolghaher Jorjani`s construction theory in light of Halliday`s functional theory
123
142
FA
Razieh sadat
Sadatolhosseini
Ph.D. Student of Arabic Language and Literature, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
N
Issa
Mottaqizadeh
Assistant Professor in Arabic Language and Literature Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
Y
Khalil
Parvini
Associate Professor in Arabic Language and Literature Department, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
N
Arsalan
Golfam
Associate Professor of Linguistics, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
N
In our Iranian- Islamic heritage there are lots of luminous and valuable linguistic theories. Abdolghaher Jorjani`s theory of construction is an example of these endeavors in the Islamic linguistics area which has many close relations with western linguistic and critical theories such as Halliday functional theory. There are many common points between these two theoreticians` principles and concepts. This study tries to analyze some of this common points with a descriptive-analytical method in three basic sections: The first one deals with construction theory &systemic grammar.The second deals with construction theory &context.and the third deals with construction theory & textual structure. some of the conclusions of this research are: the convergence between the concept of construction and the concept of systemic grammar, the attention of two theoreticians with the context(linguistic and extralingustic) and its special function in the explanation of meaning of text , the convergence between two theoreticians in special function of speaker and listener in the word order. the present research is going to recognize functional features of Jorjani`s theory by filling the gaps between both theories which belong to old time and contemporary time.
systemic grammar,construction theory,Abdolghaher Jorjani,context,Micheal Halliday
http://lrr.modares.ac.ir/article-14-3540-en.html
http://lrr.modares.ac.ir/article-14-3540-en.pdf
Tarbiat Modares University
Language Related Research
2322-3081
2383-0816
7
2
2016
5
1
Phonological processes of Galeshi dialect: an optimality theory
143
163
FA
ebrahim
safari
PhD in General Linguistics
Y
The present research is aimed to analyze the phonological processes of Galeshi dialect such as; compensatory lengthening, deletion, lenition, raising and metathesis. The theoretical framework of the study is on optimality theory, and the dialectal data gathering has been via recording ten hours of speech together with the researcher's intuition as a native speaker. The data has been transcribed according to IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) and the research method is descriptive- analytic. Accordingly, the phonological processes and compensatory deletion of /h/, /?/ in two- syllable words in CVC.CV (C) context leads to compensatory lengthening of vowel in first syllable; deletion of consonants /t/, /d/ as a second number of a consonant cluster or succession of consonants; deletion of coda voiced consonant after long vowels), lenition (change of /b/ to [v] and // to [X] ; raising (change of /e/ as a low vowel to [i] as a high vowel; metathesis (substitution of /r/ replaces /d/and /b/ in "madrese" and "kebrit" words and /s/ replaces /k/ in "taksi' word.(have been exemplified within the tables and analyzed in tableaus by the use of the constraint rankings in OT. The results depict deletion and insertion as the highest processed and metathesis as the lowest. Key words: Phonological Processes, Eshkevar Galeshi Dialect, Optimality Theory.
Key words: Phonological Processes,Eshkevar Galeshi Dialect,Optimality theory
http://lrr.modares.ac.ir/article-14-2473-en.html
http://lrr.modares.ac.ir/article-14-2473-en.pdf
Tarbiat Modares University
Language Related Research
2322-3081
2383-0816
7
2
2016
5
1
Transitivity Alternations In Persian
165
185
FA
Omid
Tabibzadeh
Associate Professor of Linguistics, University, Hamadan, Iran
Y
There are three kinds of changing valency processes in languages: lexical, morphological and syntactic. Transitive and intransitive alternation of verb "poxtan (cook)" is an example of lexical alternation; morphological causative "xordan/ xorandan" (to eat vs. make to eat) is an example of morphological alternation in Persian; and active/passive alternation is an example of syntactic alternation in Persian. This paper deals with all lexical transitivity alternations in Persian based on the model proposed by Beth Levin (1993). These alternations are introduced with the same order and numbers used by Levin in her work (1993). The alternations are as follows: complement of transitive verb = subject of intransitive verb, Unexpressed Object Alternation, Conative Alternation. There are some Persian alternations too which are not used in English. These alternations are introduced at the end of this paper. Beth Levin didn't discuss the alternations dealing with clausal complements. In this paper we didn't mention these alternations too.
Verb alternations,complement of transitive verb = subject of intransitive verb,Unexpressed Object Alternation,Conative Alternation
http://lrr.modares.ac.ir/article-14-12289-en.html
http://lrr.modares.ac.ir/article-14-12289-en.pdf
Tarbiat Modares University
Language Related Research
2322-3081
2383-0816
7
2
2016
5
1
Discursive Analysis of Verbal Violence in Language of Drama :Case Study of Hamlet with Season Salad
187
205
FA
Behrooz
Mahmoodi Bakhtiari
Associate, Department of Dramatic Arts, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
N
Mahsa
Manavi
M.A. in English Literature, University of Kharazmi, Tehran, Iran
Y
The present paper is considered with the issue of verbal violence in the language of drama. In evaluation of verbal violence, Jeanette Malkin (2004) proposes six maxims, through which language is known as an arrogant element. The characters in dramatic texts (as in other literary texts) are created, developed, evolved and in some cases destroyed by language. In considerable number of modern plays, language acts as an antagonist who is to destruct and demolish the personality of the other(s) in the play with violence and aggression; so, the theoretical study of dramatic verbal violence as a component of dramatic discourse is considered indispensable to critical discourse analysis of dramatic texts and the study of power relations as reflected in the dialogues.; Focusing on the patterns of dramatic verbal violence introduced by Malkin, this study aims to discuss the dominant patterns of verbal violence in Hamlet With Season Salad, a play by Akbar Radi, and investigates the role of language in shaping, and destroying of human identities
Verbal Violence,Discourse,Dramatic Texts,Malkin,Hamlet with Season Salad
http://lrr.modares.ac.ir/article-14-3733-en.html
http://lrr.modares.ac.ir/article-14-3733-en.pdf
Tarbiat Modares University
Language Related Research
2322-3081
2383-0816
7
2
2016
5
1
Determiner Phrase based on minimalism in Persian
207
222
FA
Bahram
Modarresi
Assistant Professor of Linguistics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Y
Naghme
Zoqi
M.A. in Linguistics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
N
This research seeks to find, which of NP and DP’s models may accurately describe the relationship between the head and its dependent(s), based on minimalism in Persian language. The method of study is descriptive-analytic. This study was performed by comparing English sources with Persian ones. The samples were selected by the intuition of the researcher in a way that aspects of differences between these two models can be shown. We contrasted the data based on two models, the traditional model which takes N as the head of the phrase and the new model in which the head of the phrase is a determiner and NP is a complement headed by “D”. By analyzing of NPs, tree diagrams were drawn by comparing the aforementioned models we concluded that DP model represent a better description of the head-dependent relations, and NP model can be replaced by the DP to draw structural relationships of sentences.
Key Words: X- bar theory,Minimalism Program,Merge,Noun Phrase,Determiner Phrase
http://lrr.modares.ac.ir/article-14-2232-en.html
http://lrr.modares.ac.ir/article-14-2232-en.pdf
Tarbiat Modares University
Language Related Research
2322-3081
2383-0816
7
2
2016
5
1
The Study of Semantic,Syntactic and Pragmatic Characteristics of Azeri Turkish Complex Causatives
223
243
FA
NESA
NABIFAR
Assistant Professor of Tabriz Azad University, Department of English Language, Literature and Foreign Languages, Tabriz, Iran
Y
This research surveys similarities and differences of semantic, syntactic and pragmatic characteristics of subject-subject, subject -object causative construction in Azeri Turkish on the basis of Van Valin's (2008) Role and Reference Grammar, in order to characterize their semantic, syntactic and pragmatic features of complex causatives and to identify and explain their similarities and differences on basis of Van Valin's classification of complex causatives. This descriptive –analytic research, after collecting data from spoken language, transcribed and analyzed them semantically, syntactically and pragmatically in order to realize whether Van Valin's classification and his expected features exist in Azeri Turkish or not. The most important results of this study showed the second group of Van Valin’s classification of causatives and jussive exist in Azeri Turkish and also, there are specific relationships between semantic, syntactic and pragmatic characteristics of subject-subject and subject–object causatives and Inter clausal hierarchy of semantic relation and these two groups of causatives have some similarities and differences. All of the groups show causation meaning, narrow focus and PSA in all of them which is actor. Subject –Subject and subject –indirect causative show weak causation while subject- direct object causative shows strong causation.
Key words: Causavtization,Subject –Subject Causative,Subject-Object Causative,Nexis,Juncture
http://lrr.modares.ac.ir/article-14-4124-en.html
http://lrr.modares.ac.ir/article-14-4124-en.pdf
Tarbiat Modares University
Language Related Research
2322-3081
2383-0816
7
2
2016
5
1
tense and aspect in Bala-Gueriveh Luri
245
262
FA
Arezou
Soleimani
Ph.D. student of Linguistics, University of Al-Zahra, Tehran, Iran
Y
faride
haghbin
Associate Professor of Linguistics, University of Al-Zahra, Tehran, Iran
N
The purpose of this research is studying the structure of tense and aspect in Bala-Guerive Luri dialect. Bala-Guerive Luri is a variety of Luri dialect spoken by the inhabitants of Khorram Abad city, Lurestan province, Iran. The data have been collected through a ten hours recording of everyday conversations of Lur informants; and analyzed descriptively. This dialect has two tenses: past and non-past. Thus there are simple present, simple past, present perfect and past perfect. The representation of aspect in this dialect is different from Farsi. In this dialect perfective aspect is represented by simple past, present perfect and past perfect. Imperfective and progressive aspects in present time are shown by /h/ and in the past time are shown by /he: /. imperfective aspect is also shown by present perfect structure. Proximate aspect in the present time is shown by/ h/ with agreement to main verb in person and number and in the past time is shown by / hs/ with no agreement to main verb.
Tense,perfective aspect,imperfective aspect,proximate aspect,Bala-Gueriveh Luri dialect
http://lrr.modares.ac.ir/article-14-3415-en.html
http://lrr.modares.ac.ir/article-14-3415-en.pdf