Tarbiat Modares University
Language Related Research
2322-3081
7
4
2016
10
1
Pragmatic and Grammatical competence in Language Impairment: A Window onto Domain Specificity
1
21
FA
Hourieh
Ahadi
Assistant Professor of Linguistics, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies, Tehran, Iran
The aim of present study is to assess modularity of language. To this end, we measured the ability of children with specific language impairment in pragmatic and grammar and compaired them with normal children. First we used narrative speech, language development and specific language impairment tests for diagnosis, then 6 children with specific language impairment were compared with 6 age-matched and 6 language-matched normal children in their grammar and pragmatics. Independent t-test, Man Whitney and Wilcox tests were used for analyzing data. It is shown that the children with SLI perform much lower their language-level with respect to grammatical properties (time agreement), but in pragmatic properties (reference) they don’t have meaningful differences. The result of this study shows that impairment in grammar beside good performance in pragmatic provides support for modularity of language.
Tarbiat Modares University
Language Related Research
2322-3081
7
4
2016
10
1
Phonological metathesis: Intersection of phonology and sociology
21
37
FA
mohammad
ahmadkhani
1. Assistant Professor of linguistics, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran
Aliye
kord Zaferanloo kambozia
Associate professor of linguistics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
Lila
Haji Hasanloo
M.A. in linguistics, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran
Linguistic varieties are broadened by complexities of social relations. Among these, interaction of phonetic and social variables plays important role in linguistic varieties. The goal of this paper is to study the nature of phonological metathesis and its relation to social variables of age and education. The framework of this article is social phonology using analytic and field study methodology. In phonological analysis which was in optimality theory, it was determined that sonority sequence principle and syllable contact law are responsible for this process. In this research 110 words are pronounced by 56 individuals. In phonological account which was within optimality theory it was determined that sonority sequence principle and syllable contact law are main causes of this process. Also in this research the frequency of the consonants involved in the process is determined. Participants are classified according to age and education. Regarding the age of participant four groups have been chosen: 4-5, 6-7, 29-40 and 41-69, it means that educated, illiterate, mid education and academic. Results show that by the increase of age, the rate of metathesis decreases. Also by increase in education the rate of metathesis decreases.
Tarbiat Modares University
Language Related Research
2322-3081
7
4
2016
10
1
The analysis of Non-structural Cohesion in a Sonnet by Hafiz
39
57
FA
Masoud
Algooneh Juneghani
Assistant professor, Department of Persian language and literature, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
One of the prevalent questions in the realm of Persian sonnet is related to its cohesion. The present article, using Halliday and Hassan's systemic-functional approach to cohesion, tries to analyze and describe the presence of cohesion in Persian sonnet. Henceforth, after using their proposed model in cohesion, defining the principles of non-structural cohesion and differentiating it from the structural cohesion, this article takes on a descriptive approach towards the analysis of a sonnet by Hafiz. Accordingly, this article tries to analyze the ways in which cohesion comes to existence in a sonnet by Hafiz, and at the same time provide the reader with a methodology for analyzing non-structural cohesion in Persian sonnets. However, the author proposes three new-found principles which could be of high importance in such a model, that is, epithet, and figurative connectedness in contiguity axis as well as similarity axis.
Tarbiat Modares University
Language Related Research
2322-3081
7
4
2016
10
1
Semantic Analysis of Prepositions wæl, tɑ & ærɑ in Gurani Kurdish within the Cognitive Perspective
59
80
FA
Parsa
Bamshadi
Ph.D. Candidate in linguistics, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
Javad
Bamshadi
M.A. in linguistics, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran
Shadi
Ansarian
MA in linguistics, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
The present research explores the “wæl”, “tɑ” and “ærɑ” prepositions in Gurani Kurdish within the framework of cognitive semantics. One of the recent models in semantic analysis of prepositions is Principled polysemy model (Tyler & Evans, 2001, 2003; Evans & Tyler, 2004a, 2004b; Evans, 2004, 2005, 2006) that suggests explicit and applicable criteria for determining the distinct senses as well as the primary sense of prepositions. We aim to analyze the semantics of three mentioned prepositions, to determine their distinct senses and primary sense, and to represent their semantic networks. The results suggest that the primary sense of “wæl” is “companionship” and its semantic network contains 9 distinct senses and 2 clusters of senses. The primary sense of “tɑ” is “ending” and its semantic network contains 4 distinct senses and 1 cluster of senses. The primary sense of “ærɑ” is “for and sake” and its semantic network contains 4 distinct senses and 1 cluster of senses.
Tarbiat Modares University
Language Related Research
2322-3081
7
4
2016
10
1
Critical Discourse Analysis: Arabic to Persian Translation
81
101
FA
farshid
torkashvand
Assistant Professor, Department of Arabic language and literature, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
Unlike text-based reading, discourse analysis considers all effective elements in the meaning of the text. In addition to linguistic aspects of the text, situational context, and metalanguage in general are also taken into account. In terms of critical perspective, it studies ideology and power relations as leading elements of the text. Such an approach prepares the way to a comprehensive understanding of the text to the translator. In this regard, the present paper aims to employ a reference- analysis of critical analysis discourse in translating Arabic texts into Persian. Thus, with the assumptions of the deficiency of the text-based reading, the practicality of critical discourse analysis in transferring the hidden parts of the text has been sought. By analyzing and translating some contemporary Arabic texts, the paper has tried to prove the above assumptions. In conclusion, it can be noticed that in addition to highlighting the situational aspects of the text, the presented ideology directs the text. Considering the meanings of hypertextuality, the translator has organized the target text with an appropriate style.
Tarbiat Modares University
Language Related Research
2322-3081
7
4
2016
10
1
Textual Arrangement of Begging Notes on Exam Papers: A Study of Gāms (Moves) and Gāmaks (Steps)
103
123
FA
Farhad
Sasani
Associate Professor of Linguistics, University of Al-Zahra, Tehran, Iran
Nina
Hosseini Kivanani
M.A. in Linguistics, University of Al-Zahra, Tehran, Iran
The study of the unit of text and textual arrangement, especially from communicative viewpoint, is of high importance, but in comparison to units of sentence and the smaller ones is rarely studied. Thus, this paper explores this subject, studying a linguistic genre. We, therefore, examine notes written by Kermanshahi Azad university students at the end of their exam papers, called “begging note”, to get a better score. The sample included 25 students’ notes written by University students, and 25 students’ notes of sophomore and junior boys’ high-schoolers in their exam papers. Thus, description of patterns of the begging notes according to textual arrangements of gāms (moves) and gāmaks (steps) were analyzed. The aim was to find different patterns of moves and steps arrangement (sub-moves) in the notes, based on Biber, Connor and Upton idea’s (2007) and Sasani and Yazdani (1392); particularly, the notes were divided into different moves to show maximum and minimum moves. Data analysis revealed that the notes had 4 moves: opening, request, reason, and ending. Move arrangements were compared in two groups. In short, it was found that both groups had the maximal 4-move arrangement, and the minimal 2-move arrangement, but the frequency use of moves in each group was different, as in the high-schoolers’ group, and "request"’ move had the most frequency and in university students "ending" move had the least one. The pattern study of moves, 4-move discrete arrangement was the most used pattern, and also 2-move arrangement was the least used in the two groups.
Tarbiat Modares University
Language Related Research
2322-3081
7
4
2016
10
1
The description and Analysis of Pronominal Clitics in Behbahani Dialect of Persian
125
147
FA
Hamedi
Shirvan
PhD Candidate in Linguistics, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
Shahla
Sharifi
Associate Professor of Linguistics, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
Mahmood
Elyasi
Assistant Professor of Linguistics, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
In this Paper we analyze the pronominal Clitics of Behbahani - a Dialect of Persian – their function and their placement in the sentence. It is shown that pronominal Clitics of Behbahani have four functions, namely subject, direct or indirect object and possessive. Here, we show that subject Clitics have 15 functions in the sentence which is fully discussed in the paper. Direct object Clitics select the following elements as their hosts: the prefix of the imperative verb, the verb prefix in prefixed verbs, the non – verbal part of the compound verb, the prefix showing continuity, the verb and the negating prefix. The hosts of indirect object Clitics are the direct object and the continuity prefix. Possessive Clitics can also choose subject, direct object and the complement as their host. In terms of the grammatical category the host can be a verb, noun, adjective, personal pronoun, Demonstrative, ambiguous pronoun, Clitics, preposition, interrogative pronoun, plural suffix, and RA Ezafe marker in Persian. The dominant position of the Clitics in this dialect is the second position; known as wackernagel position – that is after the first word or the first constituent in the clause. The main point of difference and dissociation between Behbahani and Standard Persian is the subject Clitics; Since there are not such elements as subject Clitics in Standard Persian, but as is seen in the paper, Behbahani has a rich collection of these elements.
Tarbiat Modares University
Language Related Research
2322-3081
7
4
2016
10
1
A Comparison between Intra lingual Semantic Relations of Nouns in Fars Net, Euro Net and Princeton Word Net
149
173
FA
Akbar
Hesabi
Assistant Professor of Linguistics, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
This study is an attempt to compare the intralingual semantic relations among nouns in three WordNets: FarsNet, EuroNet and Princeton WordNet. For this purpose, first the structure of WordNet was introduced and then the relations among the noun syn sets in each WordNet were discussed. This study is a descriptive comparative one and tries to answer these questions: is there any difference between these WordNets with regard to the type and number of relations? If there is any difference, what is the reason? The result of the comparison indicated that some specific relations create the skeleton of these WordNets and these relations were common between them but there were other relations that increase the information about the synsets and as a result could add to the natural language processing capability of these tools. Although adding relations can increase the capabilities, too many relations have a negative effect on their computational ability and this is the reason of choosing a restricted number of relations in FarsNet. This finding can be used in building other WordNets including special WordNets.
Tarbiat Modares University
Language Related Research
2322-3081
7
4
2016
10
1
Code and modality: Two distinguishing factors in the stylistic discourse analysis of NaserKhosro's odes
175
193
FA
Fahimeh
Khorasani
Ph.D. Candidate of Persian language and literature, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
Gholanhosein
Gholamhoseinzadeh
Associate Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
Maryam
Hoseini
Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, University of Al-zahra, Tehran, Iran
Mohammad
Saeedi Mehr
Professor of Philosophy, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
In the framework of stylistic discourse analysis, literature is a container to express ideas and concepts which are not only relevant to their creator, but also they are in connection with the context in which the text is produced. Yet, literature is the product of discourse where it is developed and all factors like environment, context, cultural issues and dominant ideology of the period in which the specific text is generated affect the growth and visibility of it. In Persian literature, Khorasani style is the product of discourse that its dominant face is full of philosophical thoughts and particularly rationality. This period is influenced by rational thoughts and intellectuality and NaserKhosro's poems, as one of well- known and effective poets and one of the most noticeable representatives of 5th century literature, is regarded as a dominant sample of this conceptual indicators. Notable point in his poems is the influence of philosophical and religious thoughts, so that a large part of his odes court was devoted to this subject matter. In stylistic layered analysis of this poet's odes, dominant and cultural discourse of Khorasani period in which frequency of philosophical and logical subjects are notable shows specific style of the poet. In this study, based on stylistic layer analysis, in order to specify appearance of dominant- intellectual and cultural discourse of the period in the light of lexical and syntactic style, two layers of vocabulary and syntax of a number of his odes' court are analyzed.
Tarbiat Modares University
Language Related Research
2322-3081
7
4
2016
10
1
A Study in role of discourse separation and connection in Hafez Narrative lyrics (Semiotic-Semantic Approach)
195
216
FA
Elham
Sayyedan
Assistant Professor of Persian language and literature, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
Hafez poems have complex and depth aspects. According to this feature everyone analysis the semantic structure of his poems differently. Structural study of Hafez narrative lyrics shows that not only different verses of lyric are not separate and disconnected but appear in a continuous and dynamic chain. Semantic integration of these lyrics and narrative structure of it provide the strong basis for semiotic study. For a better understanding of internal relations of narrative lyrics and its continuity and discontinuity, it is necessary to pay attention to the structure of narrative. The most widely used type of discourse in these poems is cognitive discourse, however sometimes the interaction between cognitive and emotional discourse is established in lyrics. In this way, Hafez destroys the common cognitions and suggest new and uncommon cognitions that are apparently against Islamic law and thereby criticizes the hypocrites of time and invites them to passion and drunkenness. In narrative lyrics, Cognition is associated with discourse discontinuity. The discourse of these lyric supports the integration of verses is established until the end of poem. So in this article we will survey the structure of Hafez Narrative lyrics and discourse discontinuity and continuity.
Tarbiat Modares University
Language Related Research
2322-3081
7
4
2016
10
1
A Study of Analysis Levels Function in Critical Approach to Discourse Analysis: The Case Study of A Separation
217
233
FA
Foroogh
Kazemi
Assistant Professor of Linguistics, Department of foreign languages, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
Amineh
Salmani siyah balash
M.A. student of Linguistics, Department of foreign languages, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
This article has studied the function of analysis levels in critical approach to discourse analysis according to Furlough's view inA Separation, by studying power, Culture and cultural believes inferring to the role and place of mythical texts such as holy book in discoursal solution. This article specifically studied the role of lying in disrupting relationships and conative norms and showed that sequential lies create an unsafe space that because of its intense consequences changes into a critical space. In the bed of the movie, subjects try to solve the existing crisis, using cultural believes, antagonism and persuasion. In such atmosphere that subject's discoursal conflicts are loaded with the lack of power balance, the only scape from the crisis is returning to meta-myth, a meta-belief that cause the asthmatic atmosphere to be adjusted and peaceful. It clarifies the relationship between culture and myth with discourse resolution. The research method in this article is analytic and analysis units are sequences and in fact sentences or dialogues have been used in A Separation.