Pathology of morphological and syntactic structures of press language in comparison with standard Arabic language

Document Type : مقالات علمی پژوهشی

Authors
R. Nazemian 1
Y. shadman 2
1 Professor, Department of Arabic Language & literature, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Allameh Tabatabaei University, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant professor, Department of Arabic Language & Literature, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
10.29252/LRR.14.2.15
Abstract
Today, the structure of the Arabic press language has suffered from damages that need to be addressed. These problems are mainly due to insufficient attention to grammar rules. There are also some pronunciation and expression problems that cause non-standard language patterns to penetrate the press language. Therefore, it is necessary to recognize these patterns and replace them with standard language patterns. Since Arabic has different types of languages ​​and dialects, it is the standard language that can maintain coherence and unity between them. Promoting and reinforcing standard language patterns is the main job of writers, editors, journalists, and anyone who uses language professionally. Obviously, what is said by these people is usually considered as a standard language and spreads to other educational centers and the media. Currently, the language of the Arabic press suffers from the shortcomings and damages that have affected the body of the language. The media should try to enrich the Arabic language capacities and take advantage of all its possibilities and provide the grounds for the growth and development of the press language, along with extensive social, cultural and political developments, a flood of foreign aggressive words, the increasing speed of innovations and the arrival of new achievements.



1. Introduction

Language is the most important tool to transfer human experience and knowledge. Each society has to have a standard language so that it can be used as the most important communicative factor among people. When non-standard language patterns are propagated, they are accepted as standard patterns across time. As a result, language becomes imperfect and defective from various aspects. The effect of thinking methods and political and social attitudes on language structure is the issue that cannot be ignored. In Arab countries, newspapers which have Islamic attitudes have a special language compared with those that have ethnocentrism attitudes and the newspapers that have just commercial feature. In the text of these newspapers, Quranic words and expressions related to the scope of philosophy, logic and Islamic language are mostly used and a kind of preaching tone can be observed.

The term pathology may not be correct about other languages which traverse natural path of language but it is true about Arabic which is a rhetorical language and has been shaped since 1400 years ago and remained since then.

The main hypothesis of this study is that the most important role of media like press is educational role. Given the pervasive role of media, what is learnt via official references is not at all comparable with degree of effectiveness from the media. But today it is observed that most newspapers work based on trial and error. Permanent engagement in translation, edition or generating public scientific texts without continuous training quickly reduces the awareness of newspapers authors to the level of public scientific topics.



2. Literature Review

In this scope, any resource which criticized and pathologized the standard and press language accurately has not already been published but some resources in which the press language has been referred to some extent are as below: 1) language in the press written by Abdul Rahman Faramarzi: in this book, the process of journalism and press has been explored. 2) Moderm journalism written by Na'im Badiee and Hossein Ghandi: in this book the authors have attempted to make the readers familiar with principles of modern journalism. 3) MA thesis entitled language in the press written by Zhila Ebrahimi: in this thesis, it has been tried to explore the journalistic text which is one of the evidences of standard language from the linguistics viewpoint. 4) The paper entitled the issue of language in mass communication tools, a conversation with Dr. Sahabi: the author in this paper emphasizes that the mass communication tools are the main element of today culture. 5) Mostalahat-e Motadavel fi Al-Sahafi Al-Arabiah written by Mohammad Reza Azizpour: the author has inserted the common expressions of Arabic newspapers along with the selected samples of news. 6) Laghv Al-Elamio written by Sami Sharif and Imen Mansour: this book is composed of eight chapters. In Chapter One, the authors talk about the press language. Then, they propose issues about writing, language of radio and newspaper language.



3. Methodology

This study was conducted via descriptive-analytical and comparative approach. In order to recognize the characteristics of press language and show structural differences of journalistic texts in newspapers and journals, some excerpts of various newspapers in Jordan have been extracted and explored during the years 2000-2020. Mostly they belong to the editorial or leading article of the newspaper that is written by the editor. The index for choosing the press samples was principles of Arabic grammar.



6. Conclusion

The results of the study can be summarized below.

A kind of sincerity has been created between the author and the reader so that the author speaks the reader's mind. Hence, the press language has propelled toward simplicity and sincerity and it is far from formalities.

In recent years, the press authors are anonymous people who are shaped in the heart of the press and have press identity. They owe their popularity to the press.

One of the characteristics of the press in recent years is that they are free of figures of speech and imagery and transfer the subject in the shortest time and the most convenient form.

Today, degree of importance and ups and downs of the subject determine the form and shape of lines of a journalistic text. In recent years, journalistic texts have become personalized and proceeded toward specificity.

Slang and Arabicized words are nowadays used in journalistic texts. Moreover, the press language has gradually inclined toward colloquial language, because the authors believe that the journalistic text must be alive and dynamic and improvised.

Keywords

Subjects

- فهرست منابع
- الخطیب، عبدالرحمن، روزنامه الحیاه چاپ لندن به تاریخ 9/3/2011.
- ایرانی، ناصر. (1375). زبان فارسی را حفظ کنیم، درباره زبان فارسی، تهران:مرکز نشر دانشگاهی.
- باطنی، محمدرضا. (1370). مسائل زبانشناسی نوین، تهران: آگاه.
- باطنی، محمدرضا. (1376). نگاهی تازه به دستور زبان، چاپ دوم، تهران: آگاه.
- بدیعی، نعیم و حسین قندی. (1383). روزنامه نگاری نوین، چاپ چهارم، تهران: انتشارات دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی.
- ترادگیل، پیتر. (1376). زبان شناسی اجتماعی، ترجمه محمد طباطبایی، تهران: آگاه.
- حیدرزاده، توفیق. (1365). نقش رسانه های همگانی در ترویج زبان علم و مشکلات موجود در ترو یج زبان علم از رسانه‌ها مجموعه مقالات سمینار زبان فارسی، زبان علم، مرکز نشر دانشگاهی.
- ذوالفقاری، حسن و همکاران. (1385). الگوهای غیرمعیار در زبان مطبوعات، (طرح پژوهشی) تهران:دانشگاه تربیت مدرس.
- ذوالفقاری، حسن. (1378). «الگوهای غیرمعیار در زبان مطبوعات»، فصلنامه مطالعات ملی، 9 (3)، 3-29.
- ذوالفقاری، حسن. (1386). «آسیب شناسی زبان مطبوعات، فصلنامه رسانه»، سال هجدهم، 4، 9- 42.
- رضایی، والی. (1376). «زبان معیار چیست و چه ویژگی‌هایی دارد»، نامه فرهنگستان، 6(3)، 20-36.
- سمیعی، احمد. (1378). نگارش و ویرایش، تهران: انتشارات سمت.
- صادقی، علی اشرف. (1362).زبان معیار، نشر دانش،3 (4)، 16-21.
- صادقی، علی اشرف. (1373). زبان معیاردر کتاب دومین سمینار زبان فارسی در صدا و سیما، تهران: انتشارات سروش.
- صفوی، کورش. (مترجم).(1377). زبانشناسی و ادبیات؛ تاریخچه چند اصطلاح، تهران: هرمس.
- عسکری خانقاه، اصغر. (1371). زبان در معبر زبانشناسی و مردم شناسی فرهنگ کتاب سیزدهم، ویژه زبانشناسی، موسسه مطالعات و تحقیقات فرهنگی.
- عنانی، محمد. (1992). فن الترجمه، مصر:شرکه المصریه العالمیه للنشر.
- فرامرزی، عبدالرحمن. (1349). زبان مطبوعات،تهران: انتشارات ابن سینا.
- فسنقری، حجت الله، عادل، سید محمدرضا. (1379). بررسی مقایسه ای آسیب شناسی یادگیری و آموزش زبان انگلیسی و عربی در ایران از دیدگاه دبیران آموزش و پرورش: یک تحقیق داده بنیاد، جستارهای زبانی، 2، 181- 207.
- فیروزان، مهدی. (1371). تأثیر متقابل زبان رسانه‌ها، دومین سمینار زبان فارسی در صدا و سیما، سروش، شماره های 23-25.
- مدرسی، یحیی. (1376). پژوهشی در واژ ه های بیگانه اروپایی در نشریات فارسی (طرح پژوهش)، تهران : دفتر پژوهش های فرهنگی.
- مروه، أدیب. (1961). الصحافه العربیه، دار مکتبه الحیاه.
- مسعودی، امید. (1382). مبانی نگارش رسانه ای، تهران:انتشارات خجسته.
- ملکان، مجید. (1365). مشکلات زبان فارسی به عنوان زبان علم، مجموعه مقالات سمینار زبان فارسی، زبان علم، مرکز نشر دانشگاهی.
- منصوری شاد، طیبه. (1391). ویژگی‌های زبان مطلوب مطبوعات، ماهنامه تخصصی انجمن عمومی ایران، 83، 12- 19.
- ناظمیان، رضا و زهره قربانی. (1395). «خوانشی تازه در تقابل زبان رسانه و معیار و تأثیر آن بر ترجمه»، دوفصلنامه پژوهش های ترجمه در زبان و ادبیات عربی، 6 (15).
- یوسفی، غلامحسین. (1365). افراط و تفریط و اعتدال در نگارش، مجموعه مقالات سمینار زبان فارسی، مرکز نشر دانشگاهی.
References:
Anani, M. (1992). "The Art of Translation," Egypt, Egyptian International Publishing Company.
Al-Khatib, Abdul R. (2011). Al-Hayat newspaper, published in London.
Askari Khaneghah, A. (1992). "Language in the Passage of Linguistics and Anthropology" Culture of the 13th book, particularly linguistics, Institute of Cultural Studies and Research.
Badiee, N., & Ghandi, H. (2004). Modern Journalism, Fourth Edition, Allameh Tabatabaei University Press.
Batani, M., R. (1991). Problems of Modern Linguistics, Agah publication.
Bateni, M., R. (1984). A New Look at Grammar, Second Edition, Agah Publication.
Firoozan, M. (1992). The Interaction of Media Language, The Second Persian Language Seminar on Radio and Television, Soroush Journal, Issues 23-25.
Faramarzi, Abdul R. (1970). "Language of the Press," Ibn Sina Publications.
Fasnaghari, H., & Adel, S., M. R. (2001). A Comparative Study of the Pathology of English and Arabic Language Learning and Teaching in Iran from the Perspective of Educational Teachers: A Foundation Data Research, Linguistic Inquiries, 181-207.
Heidarzadeh, T. (1986). "The Role of Public Media in Promoting the Language of Science and the Problems in Promoting the Language of Science from the Media" Proceedings of the Persian Language Seminar, Language of Science, University Publishing Center
Irani, N. (1996). "Let's preserve the Persian language," about the Persian Language, University Publishing Center.
Modaresi, Y. (1997). Research in European Foreign Words in Persian Publications (Research Project), Cultural Research Office, Tehran.
Malekan, M. (1986). "Problems of Persian language as the language of science," Proceedings of the Persian language seminar, Language of science, University Publishing Center.
Mansouri Shad, T. (2013). Characteristics of the preferred Language of the press, specialized monthly, the magazine of the Iranian General Association, 12-19.
Marwa, A. (1961). Al-Sahafa Al-Arabiya, Dar Maktab Al-Hayat.
Masoudi, O. (2003). Fundamentals of Media Writing, Khojasteh Publications.
Nazemian, R., & Ghorbani, Z. (2016). A New Reading in the Contrast of Media Language and Criteria and Its Impact on Translation, Bi-Quarterly Journal of Translation Studies in Arabic Language and Literature, 6(15).
Rezaei, V. (1999). What is the standard Language, and what are its characteristics? Farhangestan, 6(3), pp. 20-36.
Sadeghi, A. (1983). "Standard Language," Danesh Publication, 3(4), pp. 16-21.
Safavi, K. (1998). Linguistics and literature; History of some terms, Hermes publication, Tehran.
Samiei, A. (1999). Writing and Editing, Samt Publications.
Tradgill, P. (1997). Social Linguistics, translated by Mohammad Tabatabaei, Agah Publication.
Yousefi, G., H. (1986). "Extremism and moderation in writing," Proceedings of the Persian Language Seminar, University Publishing Center.
Zolfaghari, H. (2007). Pathology of Press Language, Media Quarterly, 4, 18th year, pp. 9-42.
Zolfaghari, H. (2008). Non-Standard Patterns in the Language of the Press, Quarterly Journal of National Studies, 9(3), pp. 3-29.
Zolfaghari, H., & et al. (2006). "Non-standard models in the language of the press," (research project) Tarbiat Modares University.
Language Related Research
Volume 14, Issue 2 - Serial Number 74
May and June 2023
Pages 493-523