جستارهای زبانی، جلد ۹، شماره ۳، صفحات ۱-۳۳
عنوان فارسی تحلیل گفتمان موضوعی: تلفیقی از رویکرد گفتمانی ـ تاریخی و تفسیر موضوعی قرآن کریم
چکیده فارسی مقاله امروزه، با بی­اعتبار شدن معیارهای اخلاقی مشروع و مقبول اکثریت جامعه که در مسیر سنجش و ارزیابی گفتار و کردار نخبگان قدرت، به‌ویژه سلطه­جویان، وجود دارد، حوزۀ تحلیل گفتمان مبتنی‌بر «نقد درونی» و وفادار به اصول مکتب فرانکفورت با چالش جدی مواجه شده ­است و برای رفع این معضل، سنت تفسیر موضوعی قرآن کریم اهمیت یافت. مفسر موضوعی به‌دنبال استخراج آرمان‌ها، راه­حل­ها، نظریه‌ها و ایده­هایی است که به‌صورت پراکنده درباره موضوعات و معضلات فردی و یا اجتماعی خاصی در لابه‌لای آیات، مضامین و مفاهیم قرآن ارائه شده است. در این مقاله، رویکردی معرفی خواهد شد که با هدف تعمیم فلسفۀ تفسیر موضوعی به عرصۀ تحلیل گفتمان سیاسی/اجتماعی تدوین شده است. این بسته نوین که به‌اصطلاح آن را «تحلیل گفتمان موضوعی» می‌نامیم، با تلفیق نظریه­ها و راهبردهای تحلیلی «رویکرد تاریخی- گفتمانی ووداک» و مراحل اجرایی «رویکرد تفسیر موضوعی شهید صدر» تدوین شده است. این بسته در سه بعد «مبانی نظری»، «ابزار تحلیل زبان» و «مراحل عملیاتی» توصیف شده است. همچنین، شیوۀ کار با نظریه بافت و نظریه استدلال به‌عنوان ابزار تحلیل به‌صورت منفرد بازنمایی شد. بااین‌حال، برای آشنایی با شیوۀ کار با این بسته خارج از حیطه تفسیر موضوعی، تبیین مراحل عملیاتی نیز با یک مطالعۀ موردی آزمایشی روی مثنوی معنوی همراه شد. تحلیل گفتمان موضوعی برای استخراج، تبیین و تدوین آرمان‌ها، عقاید و یا نظریه­های نقادانۀ فرد/افرادی از مراجع و رهبران مذهبی/سیاسی که به‌نوعی مشروعیت کسب کرده­اند، به‌عنوان مکملی برای نقد درونی و یا سرمشقی برای نخبگان قدرت توصیه می­شود.  
کلیدواژه‌های فارسی مقاله واژگان کلیدی، تحلیل گفتمان موضوعی، رویکرد گفتمانی- تاریخی، تفسیر موضوعی، نقد درونی، آرمان.
عنوان انگلیسی Topic-Based Discourse Analysis: a Blend of Discourse-Historical: Approach and the Quran’s Thematic Exegesis
چکیده انگلیسی مقاله Introduction In the last few decades, critical theories, which are to understand and change social systems, as well as critical discourse studies adhered to the principles of Frankfurt School and Social Constructionism have been of a great significance in the fields of linguistics and political and social sciences. Weiss and Wodak (2014) believe that critical theory, even with different conceptions of ideology, seeks to make human agents aware of their needs and interests (p. 14). In the same vein, immanent critique, which has its roots in Hegelian-Marxist tradition, is a means of detecting the societal contradictions which offer the most determinate possibilities for emancipatory social change (Antonio, 1981). However, these studies are now encountering a serious challenge in the process of analyzing and assessing the discursive practices of 'power elites'. In other words, as reason and the ideals of liberty, equality and justice which support social ideals decline decade-by-decade, immanent critique loses its whole power to challenge social systems and practices. To find a complement to immanent critique, the thematic exegesis of the Holy Quran was considered in terms of philosophy, aims and application. A thematic exegetist does his best to discover and bring together the ideals, suggestions, and solutions - presented in a non-organized way in the Holy Quran - to particular individual/social problems and issues under investigation. In this article, we will introduce an approach called 'Topic-based Discourse Analysis' (TDA), intending to generalize the philosophy and application of Shahid Sadr's Approach to Thematic Exegesis (SSATE) to the field of social/ political discourse analysis. TDA is recommended for the researchers to compile the ideals, comments, and theories of acknowledged (charismatic) leaders on a particular issue to be applied as a complement for immanent critique or as a guidebook for 'power elites'. Methodology TDA is a blend of analytical tools/strategies designed by Discourse-Historical Approach (DHA) and the operational phases of SSATE. It is introduced from these three dimensions: a) the Model's theoretical basics: these basics were drawn out of DHA and SSATE philosophies of application; b) its analytical tools: Four-level Theory of Context, Argumentation Theory, and Wodak's five discursive strategies were adopted from DHA. Another discursive strategy called Reverse Statement Strategy was added to the Wodak's set which was drawn out of exegesis' analytic tools; and c) its operational phases: the TDA steps were designed based on those of SSATE together with some necessary adjustments.  TDA Operational Steps  The holy Quran much like any other heavenly book is full of instructions from a variety of different fields of study. As mentioned above, a thematic exegetist brings into focus the Quran's non-organized ideals and solutions to a particular individual/social problem under each of his investigations. This process is primarily based on these three sides: a discursive topic based on which the exegetist's research questions are designed; the Almighty Allah as a knowledgeable reference;   the holy Quran a macro-text believed by Muslims as the words of Allah in different parts of which the answer to the question(s) can be found; This three-side base of the Quran's thematic exegesis was adopted and generalized to make up a three-side base for Topic-based Discourse Analysis Model: a discursive topic based on which the analyst's research questions are designed; a charismatic knowledgeable human reference e. g. a political leader;   a macro-text i. e. the book(s) written by the human reference in different parts of which the answer to the questions can be found; Having faced with a social or individual, political or religious, cultural or economic problem, a topic-based analyst is to ideally pass through these operational analytic phases recursively:  Forming the 3-side base for a particular research problem as described above. Literature review i. e. recollection and consultation of preceding theoretical/practical knowledge. Designing research questions and their specification for the given research problem based on the corresponding research literature. Systematic collection of data and context information related to the time when the selected macro-text was written as well as a complete biography of chosen the charismatic leader. (Depending on the research questions, various discursive events, social actors & fields as well as corresponding genres and texts are focused on). Macro-text data collection: the analyst's careful reading of the macro-text  to firstly identify the data which are explicitly or implicitly capable to answer research questions, and to secondly classify them in accord with the discursive topics, sub-topics, and genres, etc. Collected data analysis: the classified data from the macro-text are to be subjected to the application of Four-level Theory of Context, Argumentation Theory, and 6 discursive strategies.  Theorization by formulation of critique (answering research questions, taking into account the relevant context knowledge and referring to the DHA's three dimensions of critique). Application of results (if possible, the obtained results might be applied or proposed for application) Conclusion In this article, we designed an approach called 'Topic-based Discourse Analysis' (TDA) to generalize the philosophy and application of Shahid Sadr's Approach to Thematic Exegesis to the field of social/ political discourse analysis as a complement for immanent critique.   Diagram 2: the hermeneutic cycle of TDA operational phases   TDA is a blend of analytical tools/strategies designed by DHA and the operational phases of SSATE. It was introduced from these three dimensions: a) the Model's theoretical basics; b) its analytical tools; and c) its operational 8 phases. These operational phases are cyclic and of a hermeneutic taste as illustrated by Diagram 2  
کلیدواژه‌های انگلیسی مقاله Keywords, Topic –Based Discourse Analysis, Discursive-Historical Approach, Thematic Exegesis, Internal Critique, Ideal. Keywords, Topic –Based Discourse Analysis, Discursive-Historical Approach, Thematic Exegesis, Internal Critique, Ideal.
نویسندگان مقاله ابوالفضل مزینانی | abolfazl mazinani
phd student of linguistics, ferdowsi university of mashhad, mashhad, iran
دانشجوی دکتری زبان شناسی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
سازمان اصلی تایید شده: دانشگاه فردوسی (Ferdowsi university)

علی علیزاده | ali alizadeh
associate professor of linguistics, ferdowsi university of mashhad, mashhad, iran
دانشیار زبان شناسی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
سازمان اصلی تایید شده: دانشگاه فردوسی (Ferdowsi university)

علیرضا آزاد | arli reza azad
assistant professor of islamic sciences ferdowsi university of mashhad, mashhad, iran
استادیار معارف اسلامی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
سازمان اصلی تایید شده: دانشگاه فردوسی (Ferdowsi university)

نشانی اینترنتی http://journals.modares.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-14-17299-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=14
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