---

Research Subject: Global energy demand is increasing, so enhanced oil recovery techniques have incorporated in production processes. Water flooding is a common technique in oil recovery processes. One of the major challenges in this technique is heterogeneity of the reservoir structure which results in increased water production and reducing the oil recovery factor. Moreover, long-term water or chemical injection might lead to the increased horizontal and vertical heterogeneities in the reservoir. Selective blockage of high permeability areas and consequently improved production from low permeability regions is important for increasing the oil recovery factor. In recent years, using hydrogels in injection processes, has been associated with various field successes, indicating the ability of these materials for selectively blocking the areas of high permeability. Hydrogels are injected after water or polymer flooding to conduct the injected fluid to low permeability areas.
Research Approach: In this paper, hydrogel injection process was simulated in glass micromodels using Comsol Multiphysics software. Hydrogel functionality was studied in low permeability areas in porous media. Moreover, the optimized conditions for water flooding process was studies. For this purpose, after model validation, sensitivity analysis was performed on effective parameters on oil recovery factor and a mathematical model was presented to predict the oil recovery factor.
Main Results: Oil recovery factors obtained from experimental and simulation studies, were in good agreement with each other with absolute error values of 2.29% and 4.06%, for water and hydrogel flooding, respectively.
Four parameters of injection rate, contact angle, oil viscosity, and injection fluid viscosity were considered as effective parameters on oil recovery factor. Among them, contact angle was the most important parameter. In water flooding, the most important interacting parameters are viscosity and contact angle and the least important parameters are injection temperature and rate. In water flooding simulation studies, the thickness of the contact surface was obtained hmax/5, where  is 230 micrometers. For hydrogel injection, the contact surface thickness was obtained terpf.ep_default / 5.65. Terpf.ep_default is the thickness of contact surface, equal to 631 micrometers

---

Neighborhoods and public buildings are required to comply with specific criteria from the perspective of passive defense to survive and to continue its activities in conditions of crisis. In order to achieve the criteria, the recognition of threats and the priority of local public buildings based on various items can be helpful. The priorities explain which the user is more sensitive, more vulnerable and in times of crisis can be useful. The aim of the research is the priorities of existing buildings in the neighborhood on the field of functional necessity, the application in crisis and the sensitivity of the enemy. In times of crisis, Cities and accommodation and activity centers as well as public buildings as centers of human and material capital are the target for the enemy and attack them causes great damage. Accordingly, the neighborhoods that form the cities and public buildings in there are always on top of the important purposes of attackers. So through this paper study the urban buildings in the neighborhood of three terms of the amount of applicability in crisis, the sensitivity of the enemy and the sphere of functional necessity. Delphi technique used in this study and the research population included all defense experts and architecture, of which 12 samples selected. In general, the concept and household of neighborhood can be defined as different aspects of social, psychological, mental, cognitive, architecture (physical) and politically. Regarding to the world literature, two words, township and neighborhood can translated as the concept of neighborhood. While included the populations of them, respectively, 2000 and 10000 and 15000 to 40000 people. The first word is residential neighborhood that has a distinct identity but the second word refers to an area that in addition to large size has a diverse career opportunities. In urban classification, neighborhood is the first category and then the region, district, city and beyond, the next field. This neighborhood has the necessary equipment, including schools, supermarkets and entertainment centers. Public buildings of neighborhood that used as the first area of urban buildings including banks, shopping centers, libraries, mosques and religious sites, indoor clubs, schools, small industrial sites, hospitals, clinics and laboratories, emergency centers, subway, bus terminals, car parks, restaurants, fire station, power station, gas station, water and security centers. The purpose of measuring the important urban centers whit this benchmark is to find places that have the most users at the time of the invasion of the city, also have more effects in comparison with other users. This priority known against those places that is not effective in crisis. Identification of such sites has the advantage of looking for lasting strategic locations and finding solutions to maintain the physic and performance of those sites. Also, identify the places that the enemy does not considered as important targets and remove them from the priority of places in order to secure. If the domain of passive defense extended by the presence of some vital services after enemy attack, then the activities and places that are essential will identify during the threats. Other places that are diagnosed unnecessary or less effective, have the potential to change the physic to new performance. Provided that the architectural design is flexible and meet the vital needs of the city. In this study, the Delphi technique performed for the Prioritization of public buildings in terms of passive defense in times of crisis. The first point in the Delphi panel is the way to choose its members so that usually invited 10 to 15 specialists is the best for participation in Delphi. Delphi panel members for this study selected for non-probable sampling and combination of purposive or judgmental and sequential methods of 12 patients. In this method, the panel members usually offer their opinions in numbers, then the average is calculated by agree and disagree panel members, subsequently this information notified to members to obtain new ideas. In the next step, each member offers new opinion or modifies his previous opinion based on information obtained from the previous stage. This process continues until an average number is stable enough. The questionnaire designed as for the proposed priorities. According to the results shown the average per any local user, calculate by priority on the amount of applicability of the crisis, the sensitivity of the enemy and the sphere of functional necessity. In this way, there is priority on the amount of applicability of the crisis, the sensitivity of the enemy and the sphere of functional necessity for every 10 local buildings. The result in neighborhood suggests that priority applications on the sensitivity of the enemy, the first priority attack in the enemy point of view according to the panel members are military statins, power stations, gas stations and water centers. Mosques and religious sites, clinics and health centers, subway, parking and fire stations are as second priority and the banks, shopping centers and nonprofit services, libraries, indoor clubs, schools, kindergarten and restaurants is considered worthless attack. The priority on the sphere of functional necessity, clinics and health centers, subway, fire stations, power stations, gas stations, water centers and military stations are necessary, parking is rather essential and restaurants, libraries, Mosques and religious sites, indoor clubs, schools and kindergarten are non-performance. Also in priority on necessity in crisis, banks are non-usable, parking, schools and kindergarten, indoor clubs, Mosques and religious sites and libraries have possibility of granting new performance (indirect use) and shopping centers and nonprofit services, clinics and health centers, subway, fire stations, power stations, gas stations, water centers and military stations are a direct function (Maintain existing performance). The results in the prioritization in public buildings in the neighborhood suggest that the use in the prioritization in public buildings the neighborhood includes 10 users and each user also contains one or two sub-user. The applications analyzed based on three priorities (the amount of applicability in crisis, the sensitivity of the enemy and the sphere of functional necessity). The priority applications on the sensitivity of the enemy, the first priority attack in the enemy point of view according to the panel members are military statins, power stations, gas stations and water centers. The priority on the sphere of functional necessity, clinics and health centers, subway, fire stations, power stations, gas stations, water centers and military stations are necessary. In priority on necessity in crisis, shopping centers and nonprofit services, clinics and health centers, subway, fire stations, power stations, gas stations, water centers and military stations are a direct function (Maintain existing performance). Designing complex subway station and mixing them with crisis management provides an opportunity to understand multi-functional of station spaces. This article seeks to reduce vulnerabilities in the analysis subway stations measures to be considered as temporary accommodation in an emergencies and provide a safe space research questions inclusive weather do you have ability to the performance is also, in addition to its roles as station for transport and cultural and commercial complex; in critical condition become to temporary housing? Or what factors effect on flexibility of architectural complex subway? We have very good station complex in our country. A station complex itself consists of several levels of services areas include entertainment and office. This type of sorting and spatial layout is designed based on the needs. But in this paper we discussed bout benefits of this wide space and advantages of all the facilities and equipment in emergencies. Developing countries, including Iran, in addition to being more prone to accidents and natural disasters than other communities, total human casualties and property damage in case of accident these communities are heavier. To prevent the occurrence, planning to rescue damaged area and temporary accommodation, all communities need new Disaster Management. In the present study we have tried through a multi-functional and flexible design, the central station with the highest integrity economic, social and environmental be prepared to deal with the sudden crises. Despite the unexpected event and the space subway stations is located in the basement created a good spaces for sheltering people affected.

---

Research subject: Solar energy is a renewable resource that is abundant and can solve many problems of energy shortage. In order to use solar energy to desalinate water and produce high quality steam, one of the cheap and commercially proposed structures is floating solar steam generation system. In this system, water is transferred to the surface of the system in a controlled manner and is converted to steam using the heat generated in the photothermal layer. There are generally four main challenges in solar steam generation systems. These challenges include managing and preventing heat loss, structural strength, managing and transferring water within the structure, absorbing light and converting light into heat.
Research approach: In this paper, floating multilayer solar steam generation systems were fabricated in which porous polyurethane foam was used as the substrate and thermal insulation layer. Moreover, felt was used as the water-transfer layer. Photothermal materials including graphite, gold, and mixtures of graphite and gold were used as the light-absorbing layers to produce high-quality steam. Also, in order to determine the water evaporation rate and the efficiency of the systems, the amount of changes in water mass and system temperature has been measured.
Main results: Among the different solar steam generation systems studied, the system made of graphite-gold mixture absorber is able to produce steam at a rate of 1.257 kg.m^-2.h^-1. This rate is equivalent to an efficiency of about 82%. To evaluate the performance of the systems in more real situation, they were tested using seawater. As resulted, the rate of evaporation of seawater by the graphite-gold mixture system is 1.201 Kg.m^-2.h^-1 and its efficiency is 78.4%.

---

ntroduction
Since about a century ago, Iranians have been careful in facing the social developments of other nations and the implementation of the "development" paradigm in Iran and third world countries. And gradually their thinking has reached a degree of maturity to start an official effort to replace this paradigm.
A review of Iran's social history from 100 years ago until now, clearly indicates that Iranians have continuously observed the social developments of other nations and with the coming of the Pahlavi period, they witnessed profound spatial changes in Iran.
These developments took an organized form especially during the second Pahlavi period, and many programs were prepared in the field of administrative organizations, buying satellites, establishing a nuclear power plant, building big dams, creating a modern army, etc. The implementation of these programs in several decades was followed by a national review of what had happened. The general understanding of the society based on the emotional wisdom of what had happened can be summarized in a few basic points.
What has happened is pushing Iran towards a country with mass consumption and leading to dependence on foreigners.
The class gap and the population of the poor have increased drastically every day.
Nomadism and muralism are in danger of extinction
Environmental vulnerability has become a serious problem
Iran's cultural and historical identity has been exposed to destruction and its major change has manifested as a fundamental attack )Crossing identity, history and security(.
Theoretical foundations and objectives:
This article followed a comparative logic and mostly analyzed the differences between the development and progress paradigms. Also to run the progress paradigm it is tried to benefit from the executive structures of the development paradigm
Methodology
In order to achieve the goals of this research, at first, the bases and foundations of the development paradigm (Rusto in America), the land use paradigm (the French and the Germans) and the regional foresight paradigm (the European Union) in terms of epistemology are investigated, and according to the definition of paradigm according to Cohen, the semantic variables of each paradigm are indexed. The semantic variables defined for each paradigm were:

• The Hometown  of paradigm

• The Doctrine of paradigm
• The goals of paradigm
• The final destination of paradigm
• The executive subsystems of paradigm
• The ideological contexts of paradigm

After recognizing each of the semantic indicators of the paradigms, the recognition of these semantic indicators was discussed in the paradigm of progress. This work was done based on the latest version of the Paradigm of Progress document at the Iranian Islamic Pattern Center. In the next step, to compare these paradigms with each other, “Nich method” was used to calculate their spatial distance. The degree of difference of each in the field of Hometown, Doctrine, and Goals was determined. This comparison has followed “Jeanette's method” of analysis.
Findings:
Investigations showed that the four paradigms in spatial planning have sometimes fundamental differences in terms of Hometown, Doctrine, and Goals. These differences in their Hometowns, Doctrines, and Goals are different from what is discussed in the progress paradigm of Iranian society, and therefore, a review of the theoretical foundations of social and spatial evolution in Iran requires a serious revision.
Conclusions:
For the implementation of any paradigm, three systems (scientific-philosophical, governance and cultural) are necessary Which can generally be summarized in the following cases:
Borrowing the executive organization of the "development" paradigm is one of the valuable experiences, the use of which can reduce the fifty-year period of the progress paradigm to one or two decades.
Certainly, the implementation of the progress paradigm cannot be implemented without having three systems of "governance", "scientific" and "cultural", and this is the most important achievement of the development review and international experiences of several decades in the development paradigm.
In the field of philosophical and scientific system, although the combination of the field knowledge and the university is a suitable combination, but the change in the content is necessary both in the field of knowledge and in the university. Iranian scientists and researchers in both areas should define indicators that can continuously and intelligently evaluate the paradigm elements and the extent to which they have been achieved.
In the realm of culture, the tricks and techniques of the evangelists are very rich and only updating them and their form of presentation should be adapted and updated according to the taste of today's societies. In this matter, the main axes of the norms of the progress paradigm should be placed in the agenda of the cultural trustees and help in all processes that can transform these norms into social behavior at various scales.

---

Research Subject: Because of the constant deterioration of environmental conditions, the world faces energy and clean water shortage. To address the water crisis issue, the solar steam generation system has been considered as a suitable technology for seawater desalination due to its competitive features, such as no carbon dioxide emission, low energy consumption, and high efficiency. In modern solar steam generation systems, solar energy is harvested by a photothermal absorber and then converted into thermal energy to heat a certain volume of water and produce steam. Then, the generated steam condenses on the inner surface of the cover, and clean water is collected. The five key features required for solar steam generation system are: high light absorption, low heat losses and heat localization, proper water transfer, and the ability to float on the water surface.
Research Methods: In this study, a solar steam generation system based on a graphite absorber layer is built, and its performance is improved using nickel plasmonic nanoparticles.
In order to investigate the dependency of the performance on the structure, two different layers including cotton and polyester felts are used to transfer water controllable. In this study, the water evaporation rate, surface temperature, and efficiency of the devices are evaluated.
Main Results: Thermal efficiency and evaporation rate for the system based on the pure graphite absorber is 68.17% and 0.97 kg/m².h, which increases to 93.57% and 1.37 kg/m².h, respectively by adding nickel nanoparticles. Using two cotton and PS water managers reveals the importance of the thermal energy and mass transfer balancing in the systems, which strongly affects the devices performance.

---

Identifying the necessary infrastructures for an effective management of knowledge and making innovations in organizations are of the paramount importance. In previous investigations, infrastructures have been studied in isolation from other factors, but it has been tried in this research to survey and analyze the direct and indirect impact of the climate and organizational structure on innovation performance considering the mediation of knowledge management and social interaction, through a comprehensive model. Interaction in affecting leadership style & organizational climate on knowledge management also are reviewed. This study has been done using sample of 140 selling and marketing unit employers of the shuttle corporation in Tehran. This research is descriptive- survey and questionnaire used for data collection. Result showed that knowledge management and social reaction are not mediating. Effects of organizational structure on social interaction and organizational climate on knowledge management, social interaction on innovative performance are positive and meaningful, but other hypothesis were rejected.

---

Aims: Cardiac arrest is a sudden cessation of heart function and results in death if not immediately assisted with Cardiac Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR). Chances of survival increase if immediately assisted CPR by people around or bystanders. There is a need to increase the quantity and quality of CPR bystanders through CPR education and training using application media that can be used anytime and anywhere. This study was done to determine the effect of CPR training using the SI-Hajar app on the knowledge and skills of teenagers about CPR.
Materials & Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental design with a pre-and post-test approach to CPR training using the Si-Hajar app. Samples were taken by purposive sampling from 40 teenagers in Lubuklinggau City Juni in December 2021. CPR knowledge was measured from knowledge about out-of-hospital hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), which was measured using a questionnaire. Skill was measured by how the subject performed CPR using a CPR standard checklist regarding operating procedures.
Findings: After the implementation of the Si-Hajar app, we found a statistically significant difference in knowledge and skill scores between the Si-Hajar and control (P<0.001 for both) groups. There was a correlation between group intervention and knowledge (p=0.001), but there was no correlation between knowledge and the history of cardiac arrest (p=0.0761) and willingness to perform CPR (p=0.0585). Regarding the CPR skill, there was a correlation between group intervention and skill (p=0.001), but there was no correlation between skill and the history of cardiac arrest and willingness to perform CPR.
Conclusion: Using the Si-Hajar app has a significant effect on the knowledge and skills of teenagers in OHCA knowledge and CPR management.

---

Moral criticism is an approach to the literature presently discussed with a new view. Many contemporary behavioralists and authors didn't yet believe in the former dogmas (moralism and autonamism) but in the way of using art and ethics from each other.  In the past, ethics is defined not based on the emotions and sensations but the speech capability. In this view, literature served the ethics. Moral topics presentation methods in past advising texts were usually directly by relying on the news or compositionsentences or referring to the words of authors. T By appearing the sentimental approaches and paying attention to the role of imagination in sympathy, relation of literature and ethics changed. Nowadays, ethics is not only a collection of composition sentences reflected in the literature, and the purpose of literature is not the promotion of ethics. Literature, narrative and fictional texts promote our recognition and awareness more than others by partial recognition and direct expression of human experiences and emotions and search in the human being, being possible through our simulation with others by the imagination. This research analyzes the moral presentation methods in 20 Persian short stories. Consideration of the different forms of moral conflicts, presentation and description of details, use of objective and subjective point of view, use of metaphor, symbol or simile and ironic situations are the most important techniques of story writing in inspiring the moral message to the audience.
 

---

One of the archaic language varieties is Bushehr s, Bordkhoni dialect about which there are few or no linguistic researches . Establishing an ergative case  in this language variety is one of the significant aspects of studying this dialect.The main purpose of the research is the description of agreement system in Bordekhoni dialect. The data needed in gathered with Iranian language Atlas questionnaire and interview with 25 native speakers(Parmoon,1385). The methodology is based on introducing and describing the function of past and present stems. The agreement system in this dialect is equivocal. The verb suffixes in intransitive verbs and past+m are liable to make an agreement between the subject and the verb. But non subject suffixes make the agreement with verb+m. Moreover we see that these stems are joined to different parts of a sentence. Bordekhoni dialect has two verb symbols that make an agreement between the logical subject and the verb. The theory of Dabirmoghadam is used in this study. ln Bordkhoni dialect there is no subjective distinction between transitive and intransitive cases regarding word formation and to compensate for this shortcoming and maintain the ergative case , doubling clitics occurs.

1. Introduction
Most of Iranian languages use agreement system in discrete ergative pattern. This ergative pattern is a function of the time that crystallizes itself in the verbs. In other words, the pattern of ergative in Iranian languages is tense_based. In clauses where the main verb is derived from present stem, we see a nominative accusative pattern, while in the sections of the main verb of the past stem, the ergative pattern is observed. Descriptively, the ergative model in Iranian languages reveals two general forms: in these languages category, the subject of a transitive clause has an ergative and the object has a subjective state. In this category of these languages, a transitive verb is in cross reference with the object. In other words, in these languages, the transitive verb agrees with the object, and this agreement is shown by subjective affixes on the verb. In some languages, there are signs of syntactic construction to differentiate the subject and the syntactic behavior of these elements. In this research, the mechanism of agreement in the verbs, «M+past» the agreement mechanism in the intransitive verbs «M+present,» are studied in Bushehr Bordkhoni dialect. Bushehr dialects are from the southwestern branch of new Iranian. The dialect of Bordkhoni is one of the obsolete linguistic varieties in Dayyer town, about it, linguistic research is very little. In this article, like other Iranian languages, ergativity is described which is discrete and bound to the past tense. Based on this, we want to answer the following questions: What is the mechanism of agreement clitic with the sentences containing «M+past» in Bordkhoni dialect? What is the mechanism of agreement in the sentences with intransitive verbs as well as the verb «M+present» in Bordkhoni dialect?

2. Literature Review
There has been a lot of researches on Iranian dialects, of which about 15 thesis are allocated to the dialects of Bushehr province, and it includes the dialects of Bushehri, Tangestani, Dashti, Dashtestani, Deylami and Genaveie. Regarding Bordkhoni dialect, there is only one thesis entitled The study of linguistic Bordkhoni dialect (Ahmadi ,2009) and there is an article on phonetic system of Bordkhoni dialect (Hasiri ,2010). By regarding these researches, it is found that there are no researches on agreement system, so this research is a new work.

3. Methodology
In this research, two methods of field and library have been used. In the field method, based on the Iranian Languages Atlas Questionnaire, (Parmoon,2006) the face to face interviews were conducted with speakers . Around 25 people of Bordkhoni villagers participated in this research. Speakers voices recorded and then transcribed in accordance with international transcription letters (I.P.A). Finally, the agreement system of «M+past» and «M+present» are studied. By this method, the performance of the past stem and present stem are introduced and described.

4. Conclusion and results
Based on the evidence and analysis presented in this study, the following results were obtained. The agreement system in this dialect is split ergativity. In transitive verbs and also, the verbs "M+present", verbal suffixes do the agreement between verb and subject. In Bordkhoni dialect, for indicating agreement with subject_verb, "M+past" uses clitic mechanism. Agreement clitics with subject can attach to different constructions, including the subject itself in clause domain. More technically, Bordkhoni dialect follows the Wakernagel law in distribution agreement between clitics and subject as it predicts clitics in the second place. Based on the agreement system, the results of this study are in accordance with Dabirmoghadams' research on Delvari dialect.  

---

The story of line and cow is one the main stories of Panchatantra, in which power relations and its connection with science and rationality, can be investigated. In Fukui treatment, power is and interactive and mutual action, which is productive and ways of resistance against it leads to creation of new forms of behavior. Knowledge and Truth regime is not neutral and forms based on the discourse of power in each period. Sixth century is the peak period of intellectual and cultural interactions between different ideas. Panchatantra that is confluence of Iranian Islamic and Hindi culture, similar to epistles of this period which are affected by Iranshahr idea, is based on three major principles, including: Importance and attention to wisdom, justice and class meditation. What can be observed regarding power relations in story is challenge in these three situations. Panchatantra Opposition to accepted definitions of wisdom as well as its expertise in language, challenge the established order and logic of its resistance practices  against ruling power and discourse system. On the other hand, the policy of governed power to punish and insist on enforcement of intellectual practices in punishment, is a respond, which is apply due to fear of reverse power relations. In this story, power play is not based on force and one-way‌ domination, but it is based on a reading of rationality that show the whole system and structure of story believable, logical and rational.

---

---

Analysis of conceptions and methods of describing the double contrasts in literary texts is one of the criticism methods in structuralism approach, and clarifies or interprets some hidden meanings of text. This paper comparatively analyzes the sexual contrasts in two novels of the 1980s (Bagh Bolour and Del Foulad) with two novels of the 2000s (Negaran Nabash and Kafe Piano). Level of studying the contrasts is two fundamental elements of narration: phenomenon and characterization. The general analysis of some contrasts existing behind the sexual view of texts on study indicates that: (1) double items of tradition/ renovation, freedom/ limitation, virginity/ prostitution, depression/ freshness are common in the novels of the 1980s; (2) the contrasts of today/ past, celibacy/ marital, realism/ idealism, mental sex/ physiological sex are different from the contrasts of two novels of the 1980s but the double items such as freedom/ limitation, tradition/ renovation, freshness/ depression are common in the novels of the two decades.

---

For ductile fracture, the toughness can be measured as a single parameter value or in a resistance curve format (J-R curve) and is often characterized by the J-integral for elastic-plastic materials. Because of their effectiveness in measuring toughness, the J-integral and J-R curve have become the most important material parameters in elastic-plastic fracture mechanics, and have been applied widely in practical engineering. Polymeric materials are widely being used for load-bearing structural applications and, therefore, understanding of their fracture properties is becoming more important. In this study, mixed-mode I/II stable crack growth experiments were carried out on a widely used polymeric material, polypropylene, using recently modified fixture. Multi-specimen R-curve method were used for obtaining J-R curves of different states of mixed-mode loading conditions from pure mode-I to pure mode-II by varying the loading angle by 15° steps accordance with the standard ASTM-D6068 and then the resulting R-curves have been evaluated to determine the values of initiation toughness, JIC, following the schemes of the E813 and E1820 standard procedures. Finite-element analyses were done by ABAQUS and mode-I and mode-II non-dimensional stress intensity factors and geometric work factors of elastic-plastic fracture were obtained for different conditions. Results show that for this material the value of JIC is much more than the value obtained for the JIIC. This material also exhibited a greater resistance to ductile crack growth in mode-I.

---

The elastic behavior of an edge dislocation located inside the core of a core-shell nanowire which is embedded in an infinite matrix is studied within the surface/interface elasticity theory. The corresponding boundary value problem is solved exactly by using complex potential functions and Laurent series expansion. An important parameter so-called interface characteristic parameter which has the dimension of length and is a combination of the interface moduli enters the formulations. The stress field of the dislocation, image force acting on the dislocation, and the dislocation strain energy is calculated by considering the interface effect. The stress field of the dislocation is shown as contour plots and the results are compared with classical case. The image forces acting on the dislocation are studied in details and it is shown that they depend on the interface characteristic parameter, nanowire dimension, dislocation orientation, and dislocation distance from the interface. Moreover, the repelling and attracting effects of the interface parameter on the image force are discussed. The equilibrium position of the dislocation is also studied. The dislocation strain energy in the interface elasticity framework is only slightly different from that of traditional elasticity when the dislocation is placed in the central region of the core and reaches its maximum value when it is located near the core–shell interface.

---

One of the most concerns about design and maintenance of structures in civil engineering is the safety of structures in the events of natural disasters, including earthquakes, which requires adequate resistance and providing expected performance of structures. Different factors can have an impact on the occurrence of damage and the damage content in structures and, consequently, the loss of economic assets as well as human health and life safety during earthquakes. Normally, high alkaline property of concrete, PH about 13, forms a protective oxide layer on the reinforcement steel surface. The Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere or the chloride ion in the concrete environment especially in the coastal zone, along with the moisture and the oxygen can penetrate through the concrete pores and micro-cracks and can reach the rebar surface. Then, they cause rebar corrosion inside the concrete by destroying the protective oxide layer on the steel surface. Chloride ions reach the passive layer according to the explained pattern and they begin to react in the passive layer when the amount of chloride ions exceed the critical value and cause the perforation corrosion. Therefore, the performance of deteriorating structures can be different from the desirable performance of pristine structures. Corrosion of steel reinforcement in reinforced concrete (RC) structures is one of the main factors in increasing the vulnerability of RC structures. Due to corrosion, mechanical properties of steel involving yield and ultimate stresses, their corresponding strains, and the elasticity modulus of steel will change. Also the cross-sectional area of steel reinforcement decreases. Furthermore, after cracking, the mechanical properties of concrete will change. In this study, in order to investigate the seismic fragility and vulnerability of RC structures due to steel reinforcement corrosion, two buildings involving a 3-storey and a 7-storey RC moment frames are modeled based on the lumped plasticity model for considering nonlinearity. Two corrosion scenarios of 10 and 20 percent reduction of steel reinforcement cross section and their effects applied to the structural members of these RC frames. Then, seismic performance and the fragility of these two RC frames are investigated using nonlinear static analysis (pushover analysis) and incremental dynamic analysis. Fragility analysis results show that the probability of failure and seismic fragility of RC structures increased due to reinforcement corrosion. Therefore, fragility curves shifted to the left due to corrosion, illustrating the increase in the probability of damage at different spectral accelerations. The safety margin of the collapse of the 3 and 7-storey structures also decreased due to corrosion. For example, as a result of 20 percent corrosion scenario, safety margin of three-storey structure decreased by 16.5 percent and the safety margin of seven-story structure decreased by 28 percent. Results also illustrate that the collapse margin ratios of both structures (CMR) are reduced for 10 percent corrosion scenario. Although the probability of failure increased for 3-storey RC frame, it remains below 10 percent. However, for 7-storey RC frame, the probability of failure exceeds 10% (allowable failure probability adopted by the code) and the frame needs to be rehabilitated.

---

Value engineering is a powerful tool for solving problems based on creativity and function and it has been used in construction projects for many years and could prove its advantages to all members of this industry in recent years. However, like other tools, it has the ability to upgrade and increase productivity. This study attempts to provide a consolidated framework for value engineering and risk management. Accordingly, after identifying the model’s factors in these two areas, models which are more associated with the construction industry have been chosen. Based on experts' opinions, top models were selected for integration. By using the Delphi method, experts reached a consensus for sequence of the framework steps. After necessary synchronization, this framework implemented in Ports and Maritime Organization as a verification. By using this framework, the process of value engineering is improved. Risk management (associating experts who are aware of all aspects of project) was executed in two levels and based on fuzzy logic. It resulted in spending less time and money.

---

The most important tools to perform tasks effectively in environments with heterogeneous and diverse workforce are cultural intelligence and work adjustment. The cultural intelligent helps to make relationship with people that have different culture in appropriately mood. According to importance of this issue, this study is to investigate the influence of cultural psychological capital, cultural intelligence and organizational trust on work adjustment. Research method is based on practical purpose and descriptive-correlation. The Statistical population is Hajj and Ziarat Organization in Tehran. After simple random sampling, 175 valid questionnaires were collected. The questionnaire are all in Likert range and after assessed and certified by experts have been distributed, collected and analyzed by SPSS22 and LISREL8.8 software. By calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient of reliability and validity through first-order and second-order confirmatory factor analysis was performed. Research hypotheses were tested using path analysis. The results showed that psychological capital on cultural intelligence, Cultural intelligence on organizational trust have significant positive impact. Also organizational trust and work adjustment is positive and significant effect.

---

---