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Sport has its own discourse which bears discursive features as sport spreads through body and language.. In sport discourse, we can see cultural indexes which have clear impact on sport discourse. Sport is like a medium for culture. When we learn sport knowledge we learn implicitly cultural patterns of the society in which that sport is popular. The cultural indexes are reflected in sport discourse in form of situation, social behaviors, customs, norms and values of the community. Performative discourses have three main key elements of act, value and change which are also present in sport discourse. In this paper, we intend to explain we could not remove all the cultural indexes of sport educational discourse just due to their differences with our cultural patterns and how they are efficient in improving discourse of sport. In this research with random selection among women trainers of body building and fitness sport, 15 women trainers were questioned orally with questionnaires on the impact of cultural indexes on their training. Results show all indexes are involved effectively in the educational discourse of sport.

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Cabbage leaf miner Scaptomyza flava (Fallen) (l)iptera: Drosophilidae) is a native and oligophagous leaf miner insect on cruciferous plants (Brassicaceae). It occurs in many parts of the world and throughout Khuzestan. The relationship between feeding and ovipositional preferences of insect, and host plant suitability on seven host plant species (cauliflower Brassica oleracea var. botryds, green cabbage B. oleracea var. capitata, hedge mustard Sisymbrium officinale, brussels sprout B. oleracea var. germmifers, turnip Brassica rapa, cucumber Cucumis mtivits, wheat Triticum aestivum and rice Oryza saliva) was evaluated. Ovipositional preference of 5. flava was determined by measuring feeding punctures and egg density after ndult female flies were given a simultaneous choice and non-choice of all host plants for feeding and oviposition. Studies were performed under greenhouse conditions. The experimental design was a randomized complete block one with 8 treatments and 5 replications of each treatment. S. jlava showed distinct hierarchical ordering in its ovipositional preference, with turnip, green cabbage, and hedge mustard being preferred over all others. Approximately 1.05 and 5.8 times more eggs were deposited on green cabbage than on turnip and cauliflower respectively. When the percentage of punctures with eggs was calculated for each species, cauliflower had by far the highest value at 10% and 19.7% in choice and non-choice tests respectively. For all other species on which eggs were laid it was less than half this. In non-choice tests, females laid more eggs on green cabbage and turnip than other brassicas.

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A faunal study of leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae) was conducted in some parts of Khuzestan Province (southwest of Iran) in 2014 and 2015. Totally, 90 species belonging to 49 genera and seven subfamilies were collected and identified. Most of samples were collected by using sweeping net and Malaise trap and a few by aspirator and sticky yellow trap. As a result of this study 47 species are recorded from Khuzestan Province for the first time and eight species are new records for the fauna of Iran including Euscelidius schenckii (Kirschbaum, 1868); Hardya (Hardya) melanopsis (Hardy, 1850); Paradorydium (Paradorydium) lanceolatum (Burmeister, 1839); Hecalus prasinus (Matsumura, 1905); Psammotettix emarginatus Singh, 1969; Grammacephalus pallidus (Linnavuori, 1978); Helionidia punctulata (Ramakrishnan and Menon, 1974) and Eupteryx (Eupteryx) kaghanensis Ahmed, 1969. For each species geographical distribution in Iran are completely mentioned. In addition morphological data and illustration of adults and their male genitalia are given for the eight newly recorded species.

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Iranian species of the leafhopper genus Neoaliturus Distant, 1918 (N. alboflavovittatus (Lindberg), N. decemocellatus (Dlabola); N. dubiosus (Matsumura), N. fenestratus (Herrich-Schäffer), N. guttulatus (Kirschbaum), N. haematoceps (Mulsant and Rey), N. opacipennis (Lethierry), N. pulcher (Haupt); N. tenellus (Baker)) are reviewed. Detailed morphological descriptions and illustrations and a key for their identification are provided.

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A faunistic survey was conducted to identify the leafhoppers in the southwest of Iran (Khouzestan Province) in 2014. Among the collected materials, Aconurella nuristana Dlabola, 1957 is recorded for the first time for Iranian leafhoppers fauna. Diagnostic characters and geographical distribution of the newly recorded species is presented briefly.

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Aim: Spiritual well-being is one of the most important aspects of health that provides the integration and coordination of all aspects. However, due to the increasing number of the elderly, it is important to pay more attention to their health. This study was conducted to determine the spiritual well-being of the elderly residents of Zahedan in 2016.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 117 elderly people residing in Zahedan. They were selected through population-based cluster random sampling to participate in the study. In order to measure spiritual well-being and evaluate its relationship with demographic variables we made use of Paloutzian and Ellison’s spiritual well-being questionnaire. Moreover, we used descriptive statistics for determining frequency, mean, and standard deviation, as well as t- test, and ANOVA in order to analyze the data.
Findings: The results showed that spiritual health of the majority of the participants was from moderate to high level, and the mean score of their spiritual well-being was (88.98±7.35). The results indicated that the participants’ spiritual health is not related to any of the demographic variables.
Conclusion: The protection coming from religious or spiritual resources and having a relationship with a higher power can be useful for improving the quality of life and health promotion. Since the elderly people are considered as a vulnerable group in the society, the need for educational planning and counseling services in this field is crucial.

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Study of the experience of women and its difference with that of men has caused to the formation of different approaches about the connection between language and gender. Women and men have different tendencies in the use of some language features (especially vocal). This issue distinguishs their language from each other. Linguistic differences are not so clear and the speakers have not much sensitivity and awareness of them, but by examining the works of women, one can achieve the mentioned features. Among the type of poetries, literary gender has deep ties with poets feeling. Therefore, it provides reflection on the poets’ mind and thoughts. Finally, it has the capacity of analyzing the linguistic gender reflection. Technique of whimper poem is inspired of disaster, and stimulates the poets’ feelings in order to utter his/her grieving poems and affect on the audience. The main subject of this study, using the votes of language sociologists is discussion on the Sa′d Sabbah’s poems at three levels: lexical, syntactic and rhetorical in order to illustrate the connection between language and gender. The results showed that a close relationship exists between sentiment whimper and gender of the poet. And situation of grief has a direct impact on the poems of Sa′d Sabbah. Descriptive and analytical methods were used to explain the subject of this research

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The strawberry spider mite (SSM), Tetranychus turkestani Ugarov & Nikolski, is an important pest of greenhouse cucumber in tropical and temperate regions of the world. The use of the host plant resistance is a basic method to reduce pesticide application in greenhouses. In this study, the biological responses of SSM to six greenhouse cucumber cultivars (Puia, Hedieh, Milad Ghadim, Milad Jadid, Khasib and Negin) were investigated. Non-choice tests were performed to evaluate the interaction between the host plant-mite. All tests of this study were carried out under laboratory conditions at 28 ± 1 °C, 60 ± 5% RH and 16:8 h (L: D) in a walk-in growth chamber. The results indicated that immature development time and adult longevity of SSM was significantly influenced by cucumber cultivars. The highest r, λ, and R₀ were 0.275 (day^-1), 1.316 (day^-1) and 36.180 (offspring/generation) all of which were recorded for the mites reared on the Hedieh cultivar. No significant difference was observed for these parameters among the other cultivars. Mean generation times of T. turkestani reared on Negin (14.020 day) and Milad Ghadim (13.57 day) cultivars were significantly longer than for the other cultivars. This mite had the shortest generation time on Puia cultivar (11.43 day). In conclusion, it seems that Hedieh and Milad Jadid cultivars are the more susceptible and resistant cultivars to the SSM than the other tested cultivars, respectively.

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Tetranychus turkestani is one of the most important pests of greenhouse plants in the southern provinces of Iran. Several benefits of using essential oils over chemical pesticides make them appropriate for IPM programs. Contact and fumigant toxicity of the essential oils of Foeniculum vulgare and Citrus limon against the spider mite and its predator, Orius albidipennis were investigated under laboratory conditions. Contact toxicity experiments were conducted at six concentrations, (0, 50, 100, 300, 800 and 2000 ppm) of each essential oil on the mature and immature life stages of the pest, and mortalities were recorded 72 h after exposure. In fumigant toxicity trials, LC₅₀ values of the essential oils were determined on different developmental stages of T. turkestani and O. albidipennis. At 800 and 2000 ppm, both essential oils had high contact toxicity on the eggs, 2^nd instar nymphs and adults of T. turkestani, while the same concentrations caused less mortality on O. albidipennis. No significant phytotoxicity of the essential oils was observed. The mortality rates of T. turkestani and O. albidipennis increased as concentration was increased. Also, the 2^nd instar nymph of T. turkestani was more sensitive to contact application of the essential oils than other developmental stages. In the fumigant toxicity bioassay, LC₅₀ values of the essential oil derived from F. vulgare on the egg, 2^nd instar nymph and adult of T. turkestani were 16.08, 7.98 and 14.06, and the values for C. limon essential oil were 11.6, 9.86 and 11.52 µl × l^-1air, respectively. The highest fumigant toxicity was observed against the 2^nd instar nymphs of the mite. Fumigant toxicity of the essential oils was lower against O. albidipennis than against T. turkestani. This data suggests that the essential oils of these plants have the potential of being employed in the IPM programs of T. turkestani in greenhouse crops, especially cucumber.

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Backgrounds: This study aimed to assess antibacterial properties of Artemisia scoparia, Titanium dioxide nanoparticles, and their synergistic effect on clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumonia.
Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, 30 isolates of K. pneumonia were collected from patients’ sputum in the microbiology lab of Masih Daneshvari hospital during 3 months. Then biochemical tests were performed for strain confirming. Moreover, genomic DNA was extracted from all the isolates, and hly gene was detected in the isolates via PCR method. The susceptibility of the isolates to 10 antibiotics was evaluated by the disk diffusion method. Then minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of all components (Artemisia extract, TiO2, and their combination) was assessed using the microdilution method against the isolates.
Findings: The results indicated that simultaneous use of hydro-alcoholic extract of A. scoparia and titanium dioxide nanoparticles exhibited a significant synergistic antibacterial effect on 25 clinical isolates in comparison with the use of extract or nanoparticles alone.
Conclusion: It seems that simultaneous use of Artemisia herbal extracts and nanoparticles is beneficial in increasing their antibacterial effect and may decrease antibiotics consumption.

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Backgrounds: Streptomyces is an aerobic filamentous Gram-positive bacterium frequently found in various environments worldwide. Cellulases are a group of glycosyl hydrolase enzymes that are frequently produced by bacteria. Thus, the aim of this study was to detect cellulase-encoding gene (celA) in soil-living Streptomyces strains and evaluate its cloning in Escherichia coli Origami strain.
Materials & Methods: Soil samples were collected from a depth of 5-10 cm in Tehran, Iran. After identification of Streptomyces isolates by morphological and biochemical tests, genomic DNA was extracted. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test was employed to identify Streptomyces strains harboring the cellulase gene. The celA gene was positively transmitted to the host bacterium E. coli via a vector and cloned through the TA technique. Real-time PCR was used to measure the overexpression of this gene. ClustalX and Mega5 software were used to draw the phylogenetic tree.
Findings: Out of 12 Streptomyces isolates, 25% were found to carry the celA gene. After cloning the celA gene, the cloned strains were chosen by colony selection (blue/white). The real-time PCR test showed the expression of the celA gene in the transformed strains. Phylogenetic analysis results using the neighbor-joining assay showed that Streptomyces spp. with 81% bootstrap were located in the same clade, indicating their close relatedness.
Conclusion: Soil is one of the high-potential sources of the production of secondary metabolites, which could be used as a valuable source of various biological products such as cellulase.

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The purpose of this paper is to explain the sociological analysis of the divide of Iran in Qajar age. So by bringing up the question “the divide in Qajar age is the product of central government weakness or change the balance of power in central governments in the capitalist world (global) system” use sociological approach to study this socio-historical reality. Accordingly, this paper argues that the dissociation of some parts of Iran and geographical change in the country in Qajar age is a social change that according to Valrshtayn the change is took into account in the texture of a global system historically. For this purpose, In explaining the factors affecting the separation, The role of internal factors and external factors both are examined. The research method is historical case study and the data collection method is the library collection. For this purpose, In explaining the factors affecting the separation, The role of internal factors and external factors both are examined. The research method is historical case study and the data collection method is the library collection.

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The aim of the present study was to identify the phytoplankton species which producing domoic acid and okadaic acid toxins in coastal waters of Banar Abbas city, and to determine the concentration of domoic acid and okadaic acid toxins in water and shellfish samples.Water sampling was performed in winter 2015 and summer 2016 from coastal areas overlooking the discharge of municipal and industrial effluents. Shellfish were collected from the coasts of Bandar Abbas and Bandar-e- Lengeh. Phytoplankton toxins were measured by kit method and instrumental analysis based on ELIZA method.Pseudonitzschia delicatissima, Pseudo-nitzschia pungens and Pseudo-nitzschia seriata were identified in the production of domoic acid, while Dinophysis caudate and Prorocentrum Lima were recorded as okadaic acid producers in the coastal waters of Bandar Abbas. Water-soluble okadaic acid showed significantly higher concentrations than domoic acid. Instudied shellfish samples (Circenita callipyga, Barbatia candida, Telescopium telescopiumandThalessa savignyi), the measured concentrations of okadaic acid ranged from 59.8 ± 2.38 to 121.96 ± 28.25 μg / kg. This value for domoic acid was from 0.85 to 83.59 ± 38.72 μg / kg.Compared to the guideline values, the observed concentrations of okadaic acid and domoic acid toxins in the studied shellfish were lower than the allowable level.  But this value was recorded for the water-soluble domoic acid above the allowable value, which requires continuous monitoring to achieve the quantitative and qualitative pattern of phytoplankton toxins in order to support the safety of the marine ecosystem users in Hormozgan province.

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Today, the continuous release of environmental pollutants into aquatic ecosystems has made these environments extremely vulnerable and turned them into a storage sites for these toxic substances, so it is necessary to investigate the effects of these pollutants on aquatic life. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the toxicity of silver nitrate and observing the behavioral changes of Litopenaeus vannamei during its exposure. To determine the toxicity, the standard method of OECD was used. At first, the viability and survival of Litopenaeus vannamei were checked after two weeks of acclimatization to laboratory conditions, then by conducting preliminary tests, the actual lethality values ​​of silver nitrate were obtained. In order to determine the median lethal concentration, shrimps were exposed to concentrations of  0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 mg/L of silver nitrate for 96 h and their mortality were recorded daily every 24 h. The LC₅₀, LOEC, NOEC and MATC were calculated based on shrimp mortality. During the viability and survival test, no mortality were observed up to 96 hours, and the survival rate of shrimps was 100%. The value of LC₅₀, NOEC, LOEC and MATC were determined as 0.084, 0.02, 0.025 and 0.0084 mg/liter, respectively. In different concentrations of silver nitrate, shrimps showed behaviors such as abnormal swimming, fast movements of swimming legs, coming to the surface of the water, twisting the body around itself and eventually losing balance.

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Reading is one of the most important language skills that students begin to learn it in primary school by means of Farsi textbooks. Reading fluency and reading comprehension are necessary for acquiring reading skill. Orthography systems of every language effects on reading. Researchers believe that reading of deep orthography is harder than shallow one.  Farsi is one the languages with deep orthography system, because there isn’t one by one correspondence between orthography and speech. The aim of this research is replying to these questions: how much is the orthography depth in Farsi textbooks of primary schools and its relationship with reading fluently. For this purpose, the orthography depth was evaluated in Farsi textbooks from first grade to sixth in primary school. After that reading fluency tests were taken from students of grade one to six in primary school based on chosen texts. Fluency test scales were correctness, speed and intonation of reading. The Samples were students in primary school in Semnan in 1397-1398 school year. 402 students from different primary school, grade one to six took part in reading fluency tests.  Results show that the distance between writing and reading is 1,42 phonemes in Farsi  textbooks, and there is no significant relationship between orthography depth and ability to read fluently in primary schools.

 Reading is one of the most important language skills that students start learning in elementary school by using Farsi textbooks. Acquiring reading skills requires the ability to read and comprehend. Orthographic systems play an important role in the reading skills of any language. Researchers find it more difficult to read deep orthography systems than shallow ones. Persian is a language with a deep orthography, because there is little correspondence between its writing and speech system. One of the most important issues in education in primary school, which faces serious and fundamental challenges, is reading skills. The results of the performance of Iranian students in the PIRLS test are a documented example that has attracted the attention of many experts in related sciences. PIRLS is an international study of reading literacy development that examines beginner literacy in reading skills around the world. Iranian fourth grade students have participated in 2001, 2006, 2011 and 2016 exams. The results of these tests show that the score of Iranian students is significantly lower than the global average score, so that in 2016, Iranian students with a score of 428 were ranked 45th among the 50 participating countries. Numerous factors such as educational, social, linguistic, cultural, etc. are involved in the emergence of this challenge. Spoken and written language, as one of the most important tools of communication and education, plays an important role in the growth and development of learning. Reading is a skill that is based on the written system and requires the adaptation of the written form to the spoken language. Regarding the issues related to reading in schools, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of orthography depth on reading skills in primary schools. 
  The research method of this study is descriptive-analytical. The population and the statistical sample of the research for calculating the orthography depth are Farsi textbooks grade one to six in primary schools. The statistical population to determine the level of fluent reading, are all elementary students in primary school in Semnan in the academic year 1397-1398 . 402 students in the first to sixth grades of elementary school are the statistical sample of the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient). The results of this research can be instructive and effective for compiling the course content and teaching it, especially for teaching reading skills.
  This study seeks to answer the following questions by examining the role of Persian orthography system on reading skills in elementary schools:
1. What is the orthography depth of language in primary Farsi textbooks?
 2.What effect does orthography depth have on the reading skills of primary school students?
  The following hypotheses are proposed for the research questions:
1. The distance between writing and speech (orthography) in Persian books is large.
2. High orthography depth in Persian books has a negative effect on students' reading skills.
  The results obtained according to the research questions are as follows:
The first research question
A review of  Farsi textbooks for the six elementary grades shows that the average distance between writing and speaking is 1.41 phonemes. Orthography depth from the first grade to the sixth grade shows an increase, which is educationally desirable, because according to the educational principle, the presentation of content is from simple to complex.
Research question 2
 According to the orthography depth in different grades: 1.28 in the first grade, 1.30 in the second grade, 1.30 in the third grade, 1.46 in the fourth grade, 1.49 in the fifth grade and 1.50 in the sixth grade and the average scores obtained in the fluent reading test indicates that the orthography depth does not have a significant effect on students' fluent reading performance.
Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between orthography depth and fluent reading. The processing of the fluent reading score and the average orthography depth in SPSS software showed that there is no significant relationship between them.
  Comparison of the average score of orthography depth and fluent reading in each educational level also confirms that although the orthography depth is lower in the first to third grades, but their fluent reading score is lower than the fourth to sixth grades which have more orthography depths. 
The result obtained in this study shows that in Persian there is no significant relationship between the orthography depth system and fluent reading skills. Although, according to this study, the depth of Persian orthography has no significant relationship with students' fluent reading skills in primary school, but it is necessary for authors and teachers in developing and teaching educational materials to enhance reading skills, especially in Farsi textbooks so that students learn to read as a key skill in acquiring knowledge.

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In this study, effects of Persian gum-chitosan and Persian gum-chitosan incorporated with Garlic (Allium sativum L.) essential oil edible coatings on change in chemical deterioration index (peroxide value (PV), free fatty acids (FFA), thiobarbituric acid index (TBA) and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N)) and sensory properties (Taste, appearance, color, odor and overall acceptability) during 6 months frozen storage (-18 ºC) was investigated. Silver carp fillets were immersed in the Persian gum-chitosan and Persian gum-chitosan incorporated with Garlic essential oil (5%) solutions and then packed and frozen. Experiments were carried out at months 0, 2, 4 and 6 of storage on frozen fillets. Comparing to control, lipid oxidation was significantly delayed in samples treated with Persian gum-chitosan and Persian gum-chitosan incorporated with Garlic essential oil (P ≤0.05). According to the results, application of Persian gum-chitosan incorporated with Garlic essential oil gave the best antioxidative activities and sensory scores. Keywords: Persian gum, chitosan, Allium sativum, silver carp

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In this study, gelatin from common carp scales (Cyprinus carpio) was produced using alkaline, acidic and thermal methods. Then, the physical factors, barrier properties and its appearance characteristics were optimized by changing effective factors in the initial gelatin extraction process. In order to optimize the film, the response surface methodology included a central composite design for extraction process, a series of effective factors in extraction including sodium hydroxide concentration, alkaline pre-treatment, hydrochloric acid concentration and extraction temperature as independent variables were investigated. The dependent variables including tensile properties, water solubility and water vapor permeability were investigated. The results of screening based on mechanical strength and solubility resulted in the selection of 4 factors of 9 factors. In the screening stage, four variables including two factor of the pH of extraction and the duration of the alkaline treatment that had the greatest effect on the tensile strength, and two factor including concentrations of acid treatments and the extraction temperature that had the most effect on the solubility of the films were selected for the the main experiments with gelatin extraction. Other variables that did not have a significant impact on the mechanical properties and film solubility were in their most common form. The main experiments of gelatin extraction included 30 treatments. Solubility showed significant changes (p <0.05). The lowest solubility was 25.08% for treatment No. 9 with alkaline treatment for 195 minutes, acid treatment with 0.3 molar concentration and extraction at 63 ° C. The lowest permeability was for treatment No. 15 with alkaline treatment for 140 minutes, acidic treatment with a concentration of 0.18 molar and extraction at 76 ° C (p <0.05). Finally, it was determined that by changing some of the extraction factors, the properties of gelatin film obtained from common carp scales could be optimized.

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The content of phytochemicals of medicinal plants including total phenols, flavonoids, fatty acid compounds, etc. are mainly affected by drought stress.  In this study, the effects of different levels of water stress (Full irrigation at field capacity, irrigation at 70% of field capacity and irrigation at 40% of field capacity) on the phytochemicals of the medicinal plant of Milk thistle were evaluated. Soil moisture was measured by weight method and drought stress was applied to plants during the flowering stage for 8 days. Then, the seeds were oiled by Soxhlet and methanol extracted. Next, the phytochemicals of the extract were analyzed using GC-MS. GC-MS peak analysis indicated that 20 compounds were present in methanolic extract of Milk thistle. Oleic acid was the most abundant compound in irrigation treatments of Field Capacity (F.C) (75.8%) and 40%F.C. (73.7%), while methyl linoleate (22.5%) was highest in 70%F.C. Except of oleic acid, which had the highest amount in F.C and 40%F.C, the other compounds had the highest amount in 70%F.C compared to the other two treatments. According to the results, mild stress increased most of the plant's phytochemical compounds, possibly due to the osmotic regulation of the plant in dehydration. However, under extreme stress, these compounds were reduced, and these metabolites may have been used to provide energy for plant growth and survival. According to the results of this study, since the seeds of this plant have important phytochemical compounds such as fatty acids, phytosterols, methyl esters, flavonoids, etc. Therefore, the above compounds can be used in the food, pharmaceutical, health and other industries after extraction and purification.

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The emergence of epistemological relativism in the form of social anomies and issues such as emotional and identity abnormities and crises, psychological fluctuations and disappointments are derived from the current of modernity and the governance of the positivist paradigm. Examples of these cases as vital issues of human life are seen in the “Tuesdays with Murrie” and “Masnavi Molavi”. The novel of “Tuesdays with Murrie, one of the most remarkable Western works, emphasises humanity's permanent problem in materialism and neglects the self-knowledge trap (love and affection, death, spirituality and consciousness, etc.). These subjects have been emphasised in other ways in the collection of Molavi’s works, specifically, the Masnavi Ma’navi. With an analytical-comparative method, the present study aimed to analyse the content of these two works, based on the American school, and provide desirable solutions to get out of the governing situation on human life. The results indicated that the dominant aspect of both works is proposing the crisis of human problems in the material world trap. The distinction between them is in Molavi’s emphasis on going beyond material factors and relying on the ontology of Islamic mysticism.
 

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Unlike the traditional processing methods, whose goal is to increase the digestibility of food, the recent trend of food processing containing starch has gradually changed to design foods with low glycemic index. The aim of this study was to investigate the simultaneous effect of ultrasound/microwave processes on the production of resistant starch type 3 (RS3) in rice and subsequently the production of Reshteh Ashi containing different levels of RS3. The produced starch was evaluated in terms of microstructure and crystal structure, and the rheological characteristics of Reshteh Ashi were analyzed. The results showed that at the 95% confidence level, the linear effect of both the ultrasonic power and microwave power variables, as well as the two-way interaction of ultrasonic power and microwave power, had a significant effect on the amount of RS3 in different samples (p<0.05). The amount of RS3 in different treatments of rice starch varied from 31.65 to 64.29%. The SEM studies showed that the starch granules had polyhedral or irregular shapes with a size in the range of 2.2-9.8 µm and an amorphous structure was formed by increasing the power of the two devices and subsequently increasing the amount of RS3 production. The application of ultrasound/microwave treatment led to the creation of new peaks and changes in the intensity of the peaks in the XRD spectrum. Alveograph results of Reshteh Ashi samples showed a significant change in the indices, including maximum overpressure, average abscissa to rupture, swelling index, area under the curve, configuration ratio and elasticity index. The results of this research showed that the use of resistant rice starch at the level of 10% can improve the technological characteristics of Reshteh Ashi in terms of textural characteristics, and as a result, the enrichment of Reshteh Ashi at the level of 10% RS3 is recommended.