تبیین معناشناسی شناختی مفاهیم «راع» و «رعیت» بر مبنای حدیث نبوی و ارتباط آن با حقوق شهروندی

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی اصیل

نویسنده
استادیار گروه روابط بین‌الملل، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
مفاهیم در هر زبانی به­مثابۀ دال­ها یا نشانه­هایی هستند که بر معانی دلالت دارند. آن­ها اعتبار بشری هستند و تحت تأثیر عوامل گوناگون، گاه گرفتار دگردیسی می­شوند. از شاخص­ترین این مفاهیم که دچار نوسان گفتمانی عرضی و قلب معنا شده، واژه­های«رعیت» و «راع» است که نخستین بار در سخنان رسول الله(ص) به­کار رفته است؛ اما به­تدریج در عرصۀ معناشناسی سیاسی دگرگونی یافته و گفتمان الگوی منفی شبانی حکومت و ناتوانی مردم در تدبیر سرنوشت خویش را در پی داشته است.

با توجه به اهمیت این فرهنگ­واژه­های سیاسی و تأثیر دگردیسی معنای آن­ها از یک­سو و اهمیت مسئلۀ حقوق شهروندی و ارتباط آن با این مفاهیم از سوی دیگر، این پرسش مطرح می­شود که در نگرش معناشناسی شناختی، مفاهیم راع و رعیت چگونه تعبیر می­شوند و معانی راستین آن­ها در عرصۀ سیاست چیست. هدف نوشتار حاضر تبیین معناشناسی ساختاری حدیث نبوی راع در جهت شناخت حقیقت گفتمان شبانی است. یافته­ های تحقیق که با رویکرد تحلیلی حدیث نبوی «کلکم راع» و بر مبنای نظریۀ استعارۀ مفهومی لیکاف و جانسون از طریق داده­های کتابخانه­ای به­دست آمده، بیانگر این است که کاربرد این مفاهیم در متن حدیث استعارۀ مفهومی ساختاری بوده و دارای معنای ارزشی و انتزاعی نگهبانی و رعایت است. بنابراین، گفتمان شبانی (راع رعیت) در اصل به مفهوم «نگهبانی» و «خدمت» ‌و درنتیجه «پذیرش مسئولیت» و «تحقق حقوق شهروندی» بر مبنای مصالح و شئون شهروندان یا اصطلاحاً رعیت است و برابرنهاد گفتمان سلطه و نیاز یا استبداد بوده ودرنتیجه گفتمان پاسخ­گویی وامانتداری و نگهبانی عمومی است.


کلیدواژه‌ها

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