کاربست نظریۀ معنایی انگاره- بنیاد در طنزهای اقلیمیِ رسالۀ دلگشا

نویسنده
استادیار گروه زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی دانشگاه اراک، اراک، ایران
چکیده
این جستار منتخبی از حکایات رسالۀ دلگشا اثر عبید زاکانی را از منظر نظریۀ معنایی انگاره ـ بنیاد پیشنهادی راسکین (1985) تحلیل و بررسی می‌کند. راسکین تلاش می‌کند ساز و کارهای حاکم بر تولید و درک متون طنزآمیزِ کوتاه به­ویژه جوک‌های تک‌خطی و ساده را توصیف و تبیین کند. بر اساس این نظریه، هر متن مطایبه‌آمیز، 1) دو انگاره دارد؛ 2) متن با هر دو انگاره، هم­پوشانی دارد، و 3) دو انگارۀ هم­پوشان متضاد یکدیگرند. راسکین متن واجد این شرایط را طنزآمیز و فاقد آن را غیرطنزآمیز معرفی می‌کند. پس از تبیین نظریۀ معنایی، از مجموع 254 حکایتِ رسالۀ دلگشا به تصحیح محجوب (1999)، 16 حکایت به­مثابۀ طنز اقلیمی و به طریق اولی، طنز اهالی قزوین در مقام پیکرۀ دادگانی انتخاب شد. سپس، پنج نمونه از این حکایات از منظر نظریۀ معنایی به تفصیل تبیین شد و باقی حکایات نیز به طور کلی بررسی شدند. آنگاه، به تبعییت از دستوریانِ روایت به­ویژه پراپ (1928) و برمون (1973)، طرز رفتار اهالی قزوین در این حکایات در سه کارکرد اصلی قرار گرفت و این الگوی کلی حاصل شد که نقش قزوینی می‌تواند معرف کنش‌های سفاهت و بلاهت، و کنش‌های سفاهت و بلاهت می‌تواند معرف نقش ابلهانه باشد. برخی یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهند که طنزهای اقلیمی در حکایات بسامد بالا دارند. این طنزهای اقلیمی ویشکاری قزوینیان را نشان می‌دهند. درمجموع، کاربست این نظریۀ در طنزهای اقلیمی رسالۀ دلگشا نشان می‌دهد که همۀ طنزها به تمامی از شروط نظریۀ معنایی تبعیت می‌کنند و با آن سازگاری دارند.

cript-based semantic theory
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

An Application of Script-Based Semantic Theory to Zakani’s Risala-ye Delgosha's Regional Anecdotes

نویسنده English

Abolfazl Horri
Assistant Professor of Language and Literature at Arak University, Arak, Iran
چکیده English

Aim:

This paper tries to apply Raskin’s (1985) script-based semantic theory to regional anecdotes in Zakani’s (1999) Risala-ye Delgosha (Joyous Treaties).

Theoretical Framework

In his theory, Raskin tries to examine the mechanisms of both generating as well as receiving by the audiences those verbally expressed humor he calls a joke-carrying-text. In this sense, a text is humors if three of the following conditions are satisfied: 1) The text has at least two different scripts; 2) The two scripts are compatible with each other; 3) The two scripts are opposite. A text is non-bona fide/humorous if these conditions are followed; bona- fide/non-humorous, if not followed.

Question:

Is there any meaningful compatibility between SSTH and Zakani's regional anecdotes?

Hypothesis:

Zakani's regional anecdotes are in compatible with the conditions as proposed by Raskin (1985).

Methodology:

As for the corpus, 16 regional anecdotes and or Qazvini-related anecdotes were chosen out of the total 256 anecdotes of the whole version edited by Mahjoob (1999). Then the five anecdotes were discussed in detail, and the rest was generally taken into consideration. Having followed Propp (1928) and Bremond (1973), the Qazvini's behaviors were mapped onto the three functions resulting in a model to show that the Qazvini's foolish action defines his role as the fool and his role as the fool generates his foolish action.

Findings and Results:

Some results show that the regional humor get high frequency in the book thereby they emphasis on the Qazvin's functions. Totally, the application of the SSTH shows that all the kinds of humor are in compatible with the conditions as proposed by Raskin (1985).

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Keywords: Verbal humor
Semantic theory
Script oppositeness
Overlapping
Script-switch trigger
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