بررسی جایگاه روساختی فاعل در زبان فارسی برپایۀ شواهد روان‌زبان‌شناختی

نویسندگان
علی درزی 1
مجید عباسی 2
1 استاد دانشکدۀ ادبیات و علوم انسانی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
2 دانشجوی دورۀ دکتری زبان شناسی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
چکیده
پژوهش‌های انجام‌شده برای شناسایی جایگاه روساختی فاعل در جملات بی‌نشان زبان فارسی به شکل‌گیری دو دیدگاه متفاوت در این‌ مورد درمیان زبان‌شناسان ایرانی منجر شده‌اند. برخی از زبان‌شناسان همچون انوشه (۱۳۸۷)، درزی (1996، 1385، 1388)، تفکری رضایی (1389) و درزی و مهدی بیرقدار (1389) با ارائۀ شواهدی نشان داده‌اند که فاعل جمله پس از ادغام در درون فرافکن بیشینۀ گروه فعلی (کوچک)، به‌منظور بازبینی مشخصۀ حالت فاعلی یا اصل فرافکنی گسترده، به جایگاه شاخص گروه تصریف یا زمان حرکت می‌کند؛ درحالی که براساس پیشنهاد کریمی (۲۰۰۵)، جایگاه بنیادی و روساختی فاعل در جملات بی‌نشان زبان فارسی درون فرافکن بیشینۀ گروه فعلی کوچک درنظر گرفته می­شود و برای حرکت فاعل به شاخص گروه تصریف یا تصریف، الزامی وجود ندارد. در این مقاله، به‌کمک یک آزمون روان‌زبان‌شناختی دورخط ازنوع قضاوت دستوری‌بودگی، شواهدی را در تأیید دیدگاه پژوهشگرانی ارائه می‌کنیم که جایگاه روساختی فاعل را شاخص فرافکن بیشینۀ گروه تصریف یا زمان می‌دانند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
قلب نحوی
زمان واکنش
قضاوت دستوری‌بودگی
نظریۀ پیچیدگی اشتقاقی
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Exploring the Subject Surface Position in Persian: A Psycholinguistic Study

نویسندگان English

Ali Darzi 1
Majid Abbasi 2
1 Professor of Linguistics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 Ph.D. in Linguistics, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

The question of whether the subject stays in its base position within the vP or moves to its derived position at Spec TP/IP is difficult to answer with respect to free word order languages such as Persian, because the surface constituent orders in these languages do not necessarily provide sufficient information to determine syntactic positions (Koizumi & Tamaoka, 664:2010). The discussions in this regard has led to formulating two competing analyses: One is that the subject in canonically ordered sentences in Persian obligatorily moves from its base position within vP to its derived position at Spec TP/IP for the purpose of Nom Case or EPP checking (Anushe, 2008; Darzi, 1996; 2006; 2009; Tafakori R. 2007; Darzi & Beiraqdar, 2007). The other one, however, is that the subject does not have to move out of vP and stays in its base position within it (Karimi, 2005). In the present study we test these analyses by performing two off-line experiments, involving a sentence completion task and a grammaticality judgment task. Analyzing the data obtained from the sentence completion task revealed that in %90.89 of the experimental sentences, completed by participants, subjects were located in Spec TP/IP. It also revealed that in %9.11 of the experimental sentences, produced by participants, subjects were located within vP. Furthermore, studying the data gained from the grammaticality judgment task divulged that the sentences with their subjects within vP took longer to process than the sentences with their subjects in Spec TP/IP; It took 2.871 and 3.801 seconds for the participants to process these two groups of sentences respectively. These results present psycholinguistic evidence for the analysis according to which the subject must move to Spec TP/IP in canonically ordered sentences in Persian.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Keywords: Scrambling
Reaction time
Grammaticality Judgment task
Derivational
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جستارهای زبانی
دوره 9، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 45
تابستان 1397
صفحه 203-225