بررسی خطاهای زبان‌آموزان ایرانی در کاربرد حروف اضافۀ مکانی و زمانی در زبان روسی

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دکتری تخصصی آموزش زبان روسی، استادیار دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران.
2 دکتری تخصصی آموزش زبان روسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
چکیده
زبان­آموزان ایرانی هنگام فراگیری دستور دشوار زبان روسی با مشکلات متعددی مواجه می‌شوند. یکی از این مشکلات، تعدد و پیچیدگی حروف اضافه به­خصوص حروف اضافۀ مکانی و زمانی روسی در مقایسه با فارسی است. زبان­آموزان هنگام کاربرد این حروف اضافه با مشکلات مختلفی روبه­رو می‌شوند. از آنجا که وظیفۀ معلم، تسهیل شرایط یادگیری، بهبود روند آموزش و دسته­بندی مطالب بر اساس روال منطقی است، می­بایست در مرحلۀ نخست خطا­های زبان­آموزان را استخراج و مشکلات مورد نظر را بررسی و دلایل بروز آن­ها را کشف کرد تا بتوان در گام بعد راهی برای جلوگیری و یا کاهش آن­ها اندیشید. مهم­ترین هدف این پژوهش که با روش توصیفی ـ تحلیلی و با تکیه بر تحقیق میدانی بر روی 150 زبان­آموز ترم چهار یا «سطح متوسط» دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی(ره) طی دو سال و در فرایند «تدریس»، «آزمون» و «نظرسنجی» انجام گرفته است، این است که با تجزیه و تحلیل داده­ها، خطا­های پر­بسامد زبان­آموزان در کاربرد حروف اضافۀ مکانی و زمانی روسی طبقه­بندی و دلیل بروز آن­ها تعیین و راهکارهایی برای کاهش آن­ها ارائه شود. از نتایج پژوهش بر­می­آید که پربسامد­ترین خطا­ها در کاربرد حروف اضافۀ مکانی و زمانی روسی مربوط به تداخل زبان مادری و چند­معنایی حروف اضافۀ روسی و قابلیت کاربرد حروف اضافۀ سادۀ روسی با چند حالت دستوری است. راهکارهایی نیز برای کاهش خطاها ارائه شده که مهم­ترین آن­ها، قرار دادن درس حروف اضافه در سرفصل آموزشی دورۀ کارشناسی زبان روسی در ایران و آموزش اندیشیدن به زبان روسی به جای ترجمۀ اندیشه­های فارسی است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Analyzing Iranian learners’ Errors: The Case Study of Spatial and Temporal Prepositions in Russian language

نویسندگان English

Mahnush Eskandari 1
Ali Saeidi 2
1 Assistant Professor of Russian Language Teaching- Allameh Tabatabaei University- Tehran-Iran.
2 Ph.D. in Russian Language Teaching – University of Tehran – Tehran –Iran.
چکیده English

Iranian learners of the Russian language face numerous problems when learning the Russian grammar. One of these problems is the complexity of Russian prepositions, especially spatial and temporal prepositions in comparison with the Persian language. Since the task of the teacher is to facilitate the learning environment, to improve the learning process and to classify the content of learning from a logical point of view, it is necessary, first of all, to identify students' errors and study the causes of their occurrence. At the next stage, the teacher needs to think about ways to overcome these mistakes. The main objective of this study is to classify the frequent errors of Iranian students who use the spatial and temporal prepositions of Russian by identifying the reasons for their occurrence and the ways to overcome them. The corpus of the present study consists of 150 students of the middle stage of Allame Tabatabaei University. Research methodology is experimental –descriptive. The results of the study show that the most frequent errors in the application of spatial and temporal prepositions are associated with the interference between the native and the studied language, and the possibility of using simple Russian prepositions with several cases. Strategies are also being shown to reduce errors, among which the most important is the introduction of the subject “teaching prepositions” into the program of teaching Russian in Iran and teaching students to think in Russian, rather than translating Persian thoughts.


کلیدواژه‌ها English

Keywords: Preposition
spatial and temporal prepositions
Persian language
Russian language
error
Iranian learners
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