بررسی استعاره‌های ایدئولوژیکی در رمان «مدن الملح» عبدالرحمن منیف، بر اساس نظریۀ ون‌دایک

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دوره دکتری زبان و ادبیات عربی دانشگاه کاشان
2 دانشیار گروه زبان و ادبیات عربی دانشگاه کاشان
چکیده
استعاره­ آن­گاه که در پیوند با ایدئولوژی، به­عنوان یکی از مفاهیم اصلی تحلیل گفتمان انتقادی قرار گیرد، دیگر عنصری تزیینی و خارج از پوستۀ گفتمان نیست؛ بلکه منافع افراد در گروه خودی را تأمین می­کند و در پی ضربه زدن به گروه غیر­خودی است. این مسئله در آثار ادبی­ای ­ که رنگ ضداستعماری دارند به­خوبی آشکار است. رمان «مدن الملح»، نوشتۀ عبدالرحمن منیف، یکی از این آثاری است که ایدئولوژی ضد استعمار امریکایی در آن آشکار است. نگارندگان در این جستار با بهره­گیری از روش­ تحلیل انتقادی گفتمان و بر اساس مطالعات کیفی برآنند کارکرد­های استعاره را از منظر مربع ایدئولوژیکی ون­دایک بررسی و تحلیل کنند. دستاورد تحقیق بیانگر آن است که عبدالرحمن منیف در رمان «مدن الملح» در توصیف گروه خودی (عرب­ها) با کاربست استعاره، صفاتی همچون وطن­خواهی، داشتن روحیۀ انقلابی، اتحاد و آزادمنشی را در متن القا می­کند و در توصیف گروه غیر­خودی (امریکایی­ها و حکومت) ویژگی­هایی همچون فریبکاری، خوف­آفرینی، دخالت­گری، تهاجم فرهنگی و دروغ­کاری را به مخاطب القا می­کند و به­خوبی توانسته است تعارض میان عرب­ها با حکومت و امریکایی­ها را به تصویر بکشد. مهم­ترین کارکرد استعاره در این رمان، مشروعیت وجود امریکا در کشور­ها­ی حوزۀ خلیج فارس است که به­دلیل حمایت سردمداران از آنان و دادن وعده­ها­ی دروغین مادی، به­آسانی محقق شده است. البته، نویسنده با دو ابزار طنز و عاطفه، کارکرد استعاره در رمان یادشده را به حداکثر رسانده است.


کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Investigating Ideological Metaphors in Moden Al-malh's Novel by Abdul Rahman Monif based on Van Dijk's Theory

نویسندگان English

saede Hashan shahi 1
Rouhollah saiiadi nezhad 2
Ali Najafi ivaki 2
1 Ph.D Candidate in Arabic Language and Literature, Kashan University
2 Associate Professor of Arabic Language and Literature- Kashan University –Kashan –Iran
چکیده English

metaphor when linked to ideology becomes as one of the main concepts of critical discourse analysis ,so they will not be decorative elements and out of the discourse cortex anymore; instead they will provide the benefits of the people in an insider group and try to knock the people of an outsider group. This matter greatly appears in kinds of literature which are Anti-Colonial. The Novel “Moden al-Malh” written by “Abdul Rahman Monif” (1933-2004) is one of these kinds in which the Anti-Colonial American Ideology is evident. The writers of this query are trying to study the metaphorical functions considering the Ideological Square of “Van Dijk” by qualitative studies and critical methods. The research achievement shows that Abdul Rahman Monif in "Moden al-Malh" describing the insider group (the Arabs) by applying metaphor, indicates characteristics such as patriotism, having a revolutionary spirit, alliance and liberalism in the text ; and describing the outsider group (the Americans and the Government) induces characteristics like deception, frustration, interference, cultural invasion and falsehood to the audience . He also has been able to illustrate the conflict among the Arabs on the one hand and the Americans and the Government on the other hand as well. The most important metaphorical function in this novel is the legitimacy of America in the Persian Gulf States that has been simply achieved by leaders supporting them and by giving false secular promises, which of course the writer has maximized the function of metaphor in the above mentioned novel by the use of two instruments of humor and affection.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Key words: Critical discourse analysis
Metaphor
Ideology
Van Dijk
pragmatic
Abdul Rahman Monif
Moden al - Malh Novel
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