ارتباط میان سطح بسندگی زبانی و دانش منظور ضمنی فردی و قاعده‌مند در بین دانشجویان زبان انگلیسی ایرانی

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسنده
استادیار گروه زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی، دانشکدۀ علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه گلستان، گرگان، ایران.
چکیده
منظور ضمنی گفتار، یکی از اجزای معنای سخن گویشور است و بی­آنکه بخشی از جملۀ گویشور را تشکیل دهد، وجهی از مفهوم آن جمله را می­رساند. این مقوله در حوزۀ منظورشناسی بین­زبانی بررسی می­شود و توجه بسیاری از متخصصان و نظریه­پردازان حوزۀ منظورشناسی را به خود جلب کرده­ است. با این حال، شمار پژوهش­هایی که به مطالعۀ ارتباط میان دانش منظور ضمنی و سطح بسندگی زبانی پرداخته‌اند، بسیار محدود است. بنابراین، پژوهش حاضر بر روی 102 (35 آقا و 76 خانم) دانشجوی آموزش زبان انگلیسی و ادبیات زبان انگلیسی دانشگاه گلستان اجرا شده است و هدف آن نه­تنها شناسایی رابطه و تفاوت احتمالی میان سطح بسندگی زبانی (بالا یا پایین) و دانش منظور ضمنی در آن­ها بلکه بررسی زیرمجموعه­های تلویح فردی و تلویح ­قاعده­مند است. علاوه بر این، امکان پیش­بینی و تشخیص (زیر)مجموعه‌های تلویح­های فردی و ­قاعده­مند با استناد به سطح بسندگی زبانی در این تحقیق، بررسی شده است. نتایج حاصل از آزمون هم­بستگی پیرسون نشان داد که رابطۀ معنادار مثبتی میان سطح بسندگی زبانی و تلویح­های ضمنی فردی و ­قاعده­مند وجود دارد. به­علاوه، از میان سه زیرمجموعۀ منظورهای ضمنی ­قاعده­مند، درک نقد بالاترین و پرسش پاپ پایین­ترین سطح هم­بستگی را با بسندگی زبانی داشته­اند. از میان چهار زیرمجموعۀ تلویح فردی نیز تناسب ـ افشای اطلاعات دارای بالاترین سطح هم­بستگی مثبت معنادار و تناسب کلی دارای پایین­ترین سطح هم­بستگی با میزان بسندگی زبانی بوده­اند. نتایج حاصل از مدل­سازی معادلۀ ساختاری نشان می­دهند هر دو نوع تلویح، رابطه معنادار مثبتی با سطح بسندگی زبان دارند. بنابراین، یکی از کاربردهای آموزشیِ پژوهش حاضر این است که طراحان کتاب­های درسی می­توانند مصادیق فرهنگ­وابسته منظورهای ضمنی قاعده­مند و فردی را در متون و مباحث کتاب­های درسی بگنجانند تا درک زبان­آموزان از آن منظورها را ارتقا دهند. معلمان نیز می­توانند به‌جای تمرکز صرف بر مشخصه­های زبان­شناختی، اهمیت درک و تعبیر منظورهای ضمنی گفتار را مورد توجه قرار دهند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

The Relationship between Iranian EFL Learners’ Proficiency Level and Their Knowledge of Idiosyncratic and Formulaic Implicatures

نویسنده English

Ali Derakhshan
/ Assistant Professor- Department of English Language and Literature- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences- Golestan University- Gorgan, Iran
چکیده English

Conversational implicature, which is a component of speaker meaning that constitutes an aspect of what is meant in a speaker’s utterance without being part of what is said, is subsumed under interlanguage pragmatics (ILP) which has attracted considerable attention from pragmatics practitioners and theoreticians. Nonetheless, very few studies have explored the correlation between implicature knowledge and the proficiency level; therefore, the present study, conducted at Golestan University among Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL) and English Literature students, aimed to find out not only whether there would be any statistically significant relationship between 102 (35 males and 76 females) Iranian EFL learners’ proficiency level (High vs. Low) and their implicature knowledge as well as the subcategories of idiosyncratic and formulaic implicatures, but also whether there would exist any significant relationship between male and female EFL learners’ proficiency level (High vs. low) and their implicature knowledge. Moreover, this study investigated to what extent the (sub)categories of idiosyncratic and formulaic implicatures could be predicted by the proficiency level. The results of Pearson correlation indicated that there was a positive significant relationship between proficiency score and both formulaic implicatures and idiosyncratic implicatures. Moreover, among three sub-constructs of formulaic implicatures, Understand Criticism had the highest positive significant correlation and the Pope Q had the lowest correlation with proficiency. In addition, among four sub-constructs of idiosyncratic implicatures, Relevance Disclosure had the highest positive significant correlation and Relevance General had the lowest correlation with proficiency. However, the results of independent-samples t-test indicated that there is no significant difference in the implicature knowledge between male and female students. Results of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) revealed that both types of implicatures are predicted positively and significantly by proficiency level. Therefore, one of the implications of the present study for materials developers is to include idiosyncratic and formulaic implicatures in the textbooks to enhance the leaners’ implicature comprehension; teachers can also focus on the significance of interpreting the implied meaning rather than just focusing on linguistic features.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Keywords: Formulaic implicature
Interlanguage pragmatics
Idiosyncratic implicature
Pope Q
Relevance disclosure
Relevance general proficiency
Understand criticism
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