Integrating Culture into Teaching EFL in General Education: A Context of Vietnam

نوع مقاله : مقاله تحقیق

نویسنده
PhD, International Collabouration Office, Tra Vinh University, Tra Vinh, Vietnam
چکیده
This action research study aims to test the feasibility of applying an intercultural language learning and teaching model (IcLLT) to teaching EFL in general education in Vietnam through teachers’ and students’ responses to two trial lessons. The IcLLT model of “construction”, “connection”, “interaction”, “reflection”, and “extension” is developed to foster students’ intercultural competence by invoking their engagement in social interaction and critical cultural reflection. As shown in observations and students’ evaluation sheets, the intercultural language activities in IcLLT lessons could engage the students in activating prior knowledge, comparing culture, talking about cultural issues, and participating in intercultural communication. However, they were not able to reflect on their intercultural perspectives in oral interaction as much as in their writing. In parallel, the teacher agreed that the activities requiring students’ reflection were most challenging and the other three steps of “construction”, “connection”, “interaction” could be conducted in relevance to three-stage Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) skill lessons of Pre-While-Post. The IcLLT is applicable to teach integrated skill CLT lessons with culture-specific input if intercultural objectives are added and relevant intercultural language activities with more focus on students’ intercultural interactions and critical reflection are conducted. Hence, IcLLT could be recommended as a supplementary approach to integrating culture into EFL teaching to build students’ intercultural communicative competence, which is considered a critical part of the new educational reform in general education in Vietnam

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


Browett, J. (2003). Culture: Are we speaking the same language. Babel, 38(2), 18-38.
Byram, M. (2008). From foreign language education to education for intercultural citizenship. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Byram, M., Gribkova, B., & Starkey, H. (2002). Developing the intercultural dimension in language teaching: A practical introduction for teachers. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.
Chau, C. T. H. & Truong, V. (2018). Integrating cultures into teaching EFL in Vietnam: Teachers’ perceptions. LEARN Journal. 11(2), 103-115. https://so04.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/LEARN/article/view/161551/116501
Carlson, G. (2019). Listening Comprehension Through Culturally Familiar Contexts: A Case Study in Japan. PASAA - A Journal of Language Teaching and Learning. 58, 39-59. http://www.culi.chula.ac.th/publicationsonline/files/article/C11acdt20iMon32650.pdf
Chau, T. H. H., & Truong, V. (2019). The Integration of Intercultural Education into Teaching English: What Vietnamese Teachers Do and Say. International Journal of Instruction, 12(1), 441-456. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2019.12129a
Crozet, C. Liddicoat, A. J. & Lo Bianco, J. (1999). Intercultural competence: from language policy to language education. In J. Lo Bianco, A. J. Liddicoat and C. Crozet (Eds.), Striving for the Third Place: Intercultural Competence Through Language Education (pp. 1-20). Canberra: Language Australia.
Deardorff, D. K. (2006). The identification and assessment of intercultural competence as a student outcome of internationalization. Journal of Studies in International Education, 241-266.
Dinh, N. T. (2016). Culture representations in English language teaching curriculum in Vietnam. Doctoral dissertation, Monash University, Australia.
Fantini, A. (2000). A central concern: Developing intercultural competence. SIT Occasional Papers Series: Addressing Intercultural Education, Training and Service (pp. 25-33). Brattleboro, VT: School for International Training.
Fantini, A. E. (2006). Exploring and assessing intercultural competence. World Learning Publications. Retrieved from http://www.sit.edu/publications/docs/feil_research_report.pdf
Fantini, A. E., Arias-Galicia, F., & Guay, D. (2001). Globalization and 21st century competencies: Challenges for North American higher education. Boulder: Western Interstate Commission on Higher Education.
Ho, S. T. K. (2011). An investigation of intercultural teaching and learning in tertiary EFL classrooms in Vietnam. Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
Hoang, V. V. (2016). Renovation in curriculum design and textbook development: an effective solution to improving the quality of English teaching in Vietnamese schools in the context of integration and globalization. VNU Journal of Science: Education Research, 32(4), 9-20. doi:10.25073/2588-1159/vnuer.3845
Hoang, V. V. (2018). MOET’s three pilot English language communicational curricula for schools in Vietnam: rationale, design and implementation. Tạp chí Nghiên cứu Nước ngoài., 34 (2). doi:10.25073/2525-2445/vnufs.4258
Kemmis, S. & McTaggart R. (1988). The action research planner. Victoria, Australia: Deakin University Press.
Lai, T. T. V. (2016). An Evaluation of Textbook English 10 - Volume 1 (experimental program) developed by Vietnamese Ministry of Education and Training as seen from intercultural communicative EFL approach. Paper presented at Hội thảo Quốc gia 2016 “Nghiên cứu và giảng dạy Ngoại ngữ, ngôn ngữ, và quốc tế học tại Việt Nam” (pp. 407-417).
Le V. C. (2018). A critical analysis of moral values in Vietnam-produced EFL textbooks for upper secondary schools. In Widodo, H. P., Perfecto, M. R., Canh, L. V., Buripakdi, A, (Eds.), Situating Moral and Cultural Values in ELT Materials - The South East Asian Context (pp. 111-129). Springer.
Leite, L., Dourado, L., Morgado, S., & Antunes, M. (2019). Teacher education and popular culture: proverbs about the climate and weather. Journal of Turkish Science Education. 16(1), 1-17.
Liddicoat, A. J. (1997). Everyday speech as culture: Implications for language teaching. In A. J. Liddicoat & C. Crozet (Eds.), Teaching Language, Teaching Culture (pp. 55-70). Canberra: Applied Linguistics Association of Australia.
Liddicoat, A. J. (2002). Static and dynamic views of culture and intercultural language acquisition. Babel, 36(3), 4–11.
Liddicoat, A. J., & Crozet, C. (1997). Teaching Language, Teaching Culture. Canberra: Applied Linguistics Association of Australia.
Liddicoat, A. J. & Scarino, A. (2013). Intercultural language teaching and learning. Wiley-Blackwell.
Liddicoat, A. J., Papademetre, L., Scarino, A., & Kohler, M. (2003). Report on intercultural language learning. Canberra, ACT: Commonwealth of Australia.
MOET (2012). Decision 5209/QĐ-BGDĐT dated on November 23, 2012 of the Ministry of Education and Training on issuing the pilot curriculum for teaching English in general education.
MOET (2018). MOET issued the new overall curriculum in EFL in upper secondary education.
Munardji, Kholis, N., & Mufidah, N. (2020). Community Multicultural Integration Pattern in Environment-Based Learning. International Journal of Instruction, 13(1), 101-124. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2020.1317a
Newton, J. (2016). Cultivating intercultural competence in tertiary EFL programs. Crossing Borders in Language Teaching and Business Communication: Proceedings of the 11th ELT conference at AE CYUT. (1-22). Chaoyang University of Technology, Chaoyang, Taiwan, 27 May 2016. ISBN978-986-5631-24-6.
Newton, J., Yates, E., Shearn, S. & Nowitzki, W. (2010). Intercultural communicative language teaching: Implications for effective teaching and learning. Wellington, New Zealand: Ministry of Education.
Paige, R. M., Jorstad, H., Siaya, L., Klein, F., & Colby, J. (2003). Culture learning in language education: A review of the literature. In D. L. Lange & R. M. Paige (Eds.), Culture as the core: Perspectives on culture in second language learning (pp. 173-236). USA: Information Age Building.
Richards, J. (2006). Communicative language teaching today. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Sewell, W. H. (2005). Logics of history: Social theory and social transformation. University of Chicago Press.
Tran, Q. T. (2015). An intercultural communicative language teaching model for EFL learners (Doctoral dissertation, Suranaree University of Technology, Thailand).
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.