دستوری‌شدگی حرف تعریف نکره در فارسی باستان از‌منظر دستور ساخت‌مدار

نوع مقاله : مقالات علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانش‌آموختۀ دکتری زبان‌شناسی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران
2 دانشیار زبان‌شناسی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران
چکیده
در این مقاله، به شناسایی ساخت‌های دستوری بیانگر «مفهوم نکره» در زبان فارسی باستان می‌پردازیم. براساس داده‌های موجود از این دوره زبان فارسی، می‌توان بیان داشت قبل از فارسی باستان عنصر دستوری «حرف تعریف نکره» وجود نداشته و پیدایش «حرف تعریف نکره» از رهگذر دستوری‌شدگی عدد aiva «یک» به‌وسیله بازتحلیل این عنصر زبانی براساس روابط مجازی و سپس بسط استعاری به «حرف تعریف نکره» رخ داده است. این دستوری‌شدگی در ساخت مشخصی (تنها یک «X» وجود دارد، این «X» معرف انسان است) رخ داده که نتیجه آن تغییر حوزۀ مفهومی به بیان «مفهوم نکره» در فارسی باستان است، به‌منظور تبیین تکوین «حرف تعریف نکره»، الگوی دستور ساخت‌مدار برگزیده شده است. داده‌های این پژوهش، مستخرج از پیکرۀ جمع‌آوری‌شدۀ کنت (1953) است. بسامد وقوع «حرف تعریف نکره» در بین 4130 گروه اسمی موجود در پیکره 0.5 درصد است. این مقدار بسامد وقوع که چندان زیاد نیست، مبین جدید بودن مقولۀ «حرف تعریف نکره» یا به ‌عبارتی مراحل اولیۀ دستوری‌شدگی این مقولۀ دستوری در فارسی باستان است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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