Volume 13, Issue 2 (2022)
LRR 2022, 13(2): 219-246 |
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rahimian J, ahmadi S, forooghan geransayeh F. A Semantic and Corpus-based Study of negative prefixes »na « and »bi « in Persian: Lieber's lexical- semantic approach. LRR 2022; 13 (2) :219-246
URL: http://lrr.modares.ac.ir/article-14-44123-en.html
URL: http://lrr.modares.ac.ir/article-14-44123-en.html
1- Professor, Language and Linguistic Department, Faculty Member of Shiraz University, , Shiraz, Iran
2- Invited Teacher of International Imam Khomeini University, Translation Department, Qazvin, Iran , ik395023@ikiu.ac.ir
3- PhD Candidate of linguistics, Shiraz University, Language and Linguistic Department, Shiraz, Iran
2- Invited Teacher of International Imam Khomeini University, Translation Department, Qazvin, Iran , ik395023@ikiu.ac.ir
3- PhD Candidate of linguistics, Shiraz University, Language and Linguistic Department, Shiraz, Iran
Abstract: (1772 Views)
The present sturdy studies the semantic function negative prefixes »na « and »bi « in Persian. The founder of this approach using six semantic features, studies semantic function of morphological items, including affixes and their function in the processes of compounding, derivation and conversion. In the present research, data which is collected from the second version of" Hamshahri" corpus and polysemy of prefixes »na «and »bi «has been studied according to the type and meaning of stem. analyzing data suggests that different meanings of prefix » na «are due to co- indexing principle. This principle, can't explain the negative meaning in some cases and for the elaboration of negative meaning in these cases we need to put away the principle and pay attention to semantic features of stem; although this issue is not correct about prefix »bi «and we can explain all negative meanings conveyed by this affix. Also, it was shown that negative prefixes »bi « and »na « are adjective maker; except, in some small amount of cases.
The present paper is a corpus-based study of prefixes "na and bi" according to Lieber (2004) approach. These prefixes are compared according to the negative meaning they make. A corpus- based study can show tokens which don’t have high frequency but they exist in the language; also it can provide examples of target words in real language and context. Furthermore it is possible for researcher to find tokens which are not mentioned in dictionary and are used in language because of users' creativity; this is one the most significant feature of corpus-based studies which shows its priority upon dictionary studies.
Lieber (2004) introduces co-indexing principle which is used for joining complements together. In complex word semantic skeletons are next to each other which are made following syntactic structures. For making a complex word it is necessary to have some elements in a united referential element. This referential element determines the number of complements in syntax. These referential units are called complement. So indexing is a tool which is used for complements of different units of a complex word (Lieber, 2004, p.45). Lieber believes that affixes, like other linguistic units, have complement which should be co-indexed by one of the stem's complement and affixes can be shown by semantic feature of [-loc].
1.1 research questions
The present paper aims to show different negative meanings represented by two prefixes :na and bi" according to Lieber approach. Writers try to answer these questions: a) can prefixes change part of speech of their stems or no? b) can we explain polysemy of these prefixes using co- indexing principle or thare are other factors which determine their meaning?
- Introduction
The present paper is a corpus-based study of prefixes "na and bi" according to Lieber (2004) approach. These prefixes are compared according to the negative meaning they make. A corpus- based study can show tokens which don’t have high frequency but they exist in the language; also it can provide examples of target words in real language and context. Furthermore it is possible for researcher to find tokens which are not mentioned in dictionary and are used in language because of users' creativity; this is one the most significant feature of corpus-based studies which shows its priority upon dictionary studies.
Lieber (2004) introduces co-indexing principle which is used for joining complements together. In complex word semantic skeletons are next to each other which are made following syntactic structures. For making a complex word it is necessary to have some elements in a united referential element. This referential element determines the number of complements in syntax. These referential units are called complement. So indexing is a tool which is used for complements of different units of a complex word (Lieber, 2004, p.45). Lieber believes that affixes, like other linguistic units, have complement which should be co-indexed by one of the stem's complement and affixes can be shown by semantic feature of [-loc].
1.1 research questions
The present paper aims to show different negative meanings represented by two prefixes :na and bi" according to Lieber approach. Writers try to answer these questions: a) can prefixes change part of speech of their stems or no? b) can we explain polysemy of these prefixes using co- indexing principle or thare are other factors which determine their meaning?
- Literature review
- Methodology
- Result
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