The Study of Linguistic Structure of the Unconscious and the Construction of Subjectivity in the Narrative of Hasanak e Vazier: A Lacanian Reading of Tarikh-e Beyhaqi

This article aims to analyze the unconscious linguistic mechanisms in the narrative of Hasanak-e Vazier, drawing on Jacques Lacan's theory of language. In this framework, the "unconscious" belongs not to the author's psyche, but to the internal structure of language itself, operating through the two axes of metaphor (substitution) and metonymy (combination). Under this framework, concepts such as "full/empty speech," the "big Other," and "desire and lack" are demonstrated through an analytical method. The concept of the "subject" in this reading is understood as a "position in the chain of signifiers," which emerges in the gap between the official discourse of power and the affective fissures of the text. Relying on a discourse-analytical method based on key signifiers, it is shown that Beyhaqi's text weaves a network of conflicting signifiers (justice, destiny, loyalty, weeping) that none of them ever reaches final fixation. Strategies such as irony, ambiguity, and supplementary narratives are interpreted as devices that construct the text's unconscious, as inherent features of any signifying system when confronted with the symbolic order of power. The conclusion is that the narrative of Hasanak is an arena of the clash of signifiers and the manifestation of the inadequacy of the "big Other" (symbolic power), and in this way, the capacity of the structuralist theory of language for analyzing pre-modern historical texts is demonstrated.