1
Professor of TEFL, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2
Ph.D candidate in TEFL, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
Abstract
With regard to the salient role of language in shaping the culture of a society, the present study is seeking to delve into praying in Persian and English languages. To achieve this purpose, 168 movies were watched and conversations including praying instances were transcribed and later analyzed. The collected data was scrutinized based on Hymes’ (1967) model of speaking. The results exhibited that Iranians employed praying in their everyday life much more than the English people did. In addition, people’s intentions of using the speech act of praying and their referents were uncovered. In the end, the possible reasons of the differences in two languages of Persian and English were discussed.
پیش‌قدم، رضا (1393). «آسیب‌شناسی روش‌های جمع‌آوری داده در مطالعات زبانی: گامی به سوی بومی‌سازی روش تحقیق در ایران». جستارهایزبانی. ش 2 (18). صص 55-70.
پیش‌قدم، رضا و م، مرادی مقدم (1392). «مطالعۀ اکولوژیک در آموزش زبان: نقش والدین در پیشرفت سطح یادگیری زبان انگلیسی فراگیران». جستارهای زبانی. ش 4 (4). صص31-54.
پیش‌قدم، رضا و پ، نوروز کرمانشاهی (در حال چاپ). «ارتباط میان زبان، مذهب و فرهنگ: تحقیق و تدقیقی در کارکردهای لقب حاجی و واژه‌های وابسته در زبان فارسی». زبان‌پژوهی.
· پیش‌قدم، رضا ؛ ف، وحیدنیا و آ، فیروزیان پوراصفهانی (در حال چاپ). «نگاهی جامعه‌شناختی به کنش گفتاری نفرین: مقایسۀ زبانهای فارسی و انگلیسی». فصلنامۀمطالعاتزبانو ترجمه.
· علیجانی، رضا (1385). زمان و زمینی برای تمرین. تهران: کانون آرمان شریعتی.
· کلینی، محمد بن یعقوب (1364).اصول کافی. ترجمۀ جواد مصطفوی. ج 4. تهران: کتاب‌فروشی علمیۀ اسلامی.
· محمدی ری‌شهری، محمد (1362). میزان‌الحکمه. ج 3. قم: دفتر تبلیغات.
معین، محمد (1353). فرهنگ فارسی.تهران: فرهنگ‌نما.
نصیری، فخرالسادات؛ ش، ایزدی‌معز؛ ا، فلاحی و ا، شمخانی (1390). «درونی‌کردن ارزش‌های اسلامی در میان دانش‌آموزان از دیدگاه مربیان تربیتی». نشریةمهندسفرهنگی. ش 57-58.صص 74-85.
نفیسی، علی‌اکبر (1343). فرهنگ نفیسی. تهران: کتاب‌فروشی خیام.
Angelelli, C. (2000). “Interpretation as a communicative event: A look through Hymes’ lenses”. Meta. Vol. 45. n. 4. Pp. 580-592
Bauman, R. (2000). “Genre”. Journal of Linguistics Anthropology. Vol. 9. No. 1. Pp. 84-87.
Cheraghi, M. & H. Molavi (2007). “The relationship between different dimensions of religiosity and general health in students of Isfahan University”. Journal of Educational and PsychologicalResearch of Isfahan University. Vol. 2. No. 2. Pp. 1-22.
Cohen, L. & E. Olshtain (1993). “The production of speech acts by EFL learners”. TESOLQuarterly. Vol. 27. No. 1. Pp. 33-56.
Cohen, L.; L. Manion & K. Morrison (2007). Research methods in Education. New York: Routledge.
Dahl, G. (2004). “Qualitative analysis of films: Cultural processes in the mirror of film”. Forum: Qualitative Social Research. 5(2). (Retrieved from http://www.qualitative- research.net/index.php/fqs/article/view/593).
Fatemi, N.; M. Rezaie; A. Givari & F. Hosseini (2007). “Prayer and spiritual well-being in cancer patients”. Payesh. Vol. 5. No. 4. Pp. 295-304.
Goffman, E. (1971). Relations in public. New York: Harper and Row.
Gunter, B. (1987). Poor Reception. Misunderstanding and Forgetting Broadcast News. Hillsdale: Erlbaum.
Hall, E. T. & M. R. Hall (1990). Understanding Cultural Differences: German, French and Americans. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.
Hofstede, G. (1991). Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind. London: McGraw-Hill.
Hymes, D. (1967). “Models of interaction of language and social setting”. Journal of Social Issues. Vol. 3.No. 32. Pp. 8-28.
Johansen, S. H. (2008). A Comparative study of Gratitude Expressions in Norwegian and English from an Interlanguage Pragmatic and Second Language Acquisition Research Perspective. (Unpublished master’s thesis). The University of Oslo, Norway.
Lakoff, G. (1987). Women, Fire and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal about the Mind.Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Mininni, G. (2007). Psicologia e Media [Psychology and media]. Roma-Bari: Laterza.
Norenzayan, A.; Ch. Incheol & K. Peng (2007). “Perception and cognition”. In S. Kitayama & D. Cohen (eds). Handbook of cultural Psychology. (Pp. 569-594). NY: Guilford Press.
Nursi, S. (2010). Prayer and healing in Islam. New Jersey: Tughra Books.
Qingxue, L. (2003). “Understanding different cultural patterns or orientations between East and West”. Investigationes Linguisticae. Vol. 9. Pp. 21-30.
Rezaei, M.; M. Adib; N. Fatemi F. Hoseini, (2008). “Prayer in Iran cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy”. Complement Ther Clin Prac. Vol. 14. No. 2. Pp. 90-97.
Saville-Troike, M. (2003). The Ethnography of Communication. (3rd ed). USA: Blackwell Publishing.
Small, A. (2008). Evaluation of the Usefulness of Hymes’ Ethnographic Framework from a Teacher’s Perspective. Unpublished M. A. thesis. University of Brimingham, UK.
Triandis, H. C. (1990). “Cross-cultural studies of individualism and collectivism”. In J. Berman (eds). Cross-cultural Perspectives. (pp. 52-58). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
Wardhaugh, R. (2010). An Introduction into Sociolinguistics. (6th ed). New York, Wiley: Wiley-blackwell.
Yin, R. K. (2010). Qualitative Research from Start to Finish. New York: The Guilford Press.
Pishghadam,R. , Pishghadam,R. and vahidnia,F. (2015). Uses of Praying in Persian and English Movies in the Light of Hymes` Model. Language Related Research, 6(7), 53-72.
MLA
Pishghadam,R. , Pishghadam,R. , and vahidnia,F. . "Uses of Praying in Persian and English Movies in the Light of Hymes` Model", Language Related Research, 6, 7, 2015, 53-72.
HARVARD
Pishghadam,R.,Pishghadam,R.,vahidnia,F. (2015). 'Uses of Praying in Persian and English Movies in the Light of Hymes` Model', Language Related Research, 6(7), pp. 53-72.
CHICAGO
R. Pishghadam, R. Pishghadam and F. vahidnia, "Uses of Praying in Persian and English Movies in the Light of Hymes` Model," Language Related Research, 6 7 (2015): 53-72,
VANCOUVER
Pishghadam,R.,Pishghadam,R.,vahidnia,F. Uses of Praying in Persian and English Movies in the Light of Hymes` Model. Language Related Research, 2015; 6(7): 53-72.
Language Related Research