بررسی فراتحلیلی تأثیر شیوه آموزشی ژانر- مدار بر پیشرفت میزان مهارت در نگارش زبان انگلیسی

نویسندگان
1 دانشیار گروه زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی، دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران
2 کارشناس ارشد گروه زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی، دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران
چکیده
نگاهی به پژوهش­های گذشته دربارۀ تأثیر آموزش ژانر- مدار بر نگارش زبان انگلیسی نشان می­دهد که یافته­های پیشین بی­ثبات و ناهمخوان هستند. با توجه به این مسئله، هدف مطالعۀ فراتحلیلی حاضر مشخص کردن میزان اثرگذاری این روش جدید بر یادگیری مهارت نگارش به زبان انگلیسی است. تحقیق حاضر به منظور محاسبۀ میانگین اثر ​​ شیوۀ آموزشی ژانر-مدار بر اساس مطالعات جهانی 26 سال گذشته و بررسی تعامل آن با متغیرهای تعدیل­کننده (نوع فعالیت، سطح تحصیلات و زبان اول) انجام شد. جامعۀ آماری پژوهش­های مرتبط شامل 255 مقالۀ پژوهشی بود. بر اساس معیارهای روش شناختی، از این جامعه 26 اثر پژوهشی تجربی و شبه­تجربی به عنوان حجم نمونۀ پژوهش­های واردشده در فراتحلیل انتخاب شدند. با توجه به اینکه دو مقاله از این 26 مورد، هر یک شامل گزارش دو پژوهش مجزا بود، در مجموع 28 اندازه اثر برای محاسبۀ میانگین اثر شیوۀ آموزشی ژانر-مدار بررسی شد. پس از بررسی محتوایی دقیق و کدگذاری مطالعات واردشده در فراتحلیل، اندازۀ میانگین اثر و نقش متغیرهای
تعدیل­کننده با استفاده از نرم­افزار CMA محاسبه شد. نتایج نشان داد که​​ شیوۀ آموزشی ژانر-مدار در مجموع اثر ضعیفی بر نگارش به زبان انگلیسی دارد (Cohen’s d= 0.298) و اندازۀ اثر متوسط آن در سطح دبستان، برای نگارش پاراگراف­ها، و برای ژاپنی­ها به­طور معناداری بالاتر است.

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