نقش تخطی از قاعدۀ شیوۀ گرایس در میزان متنیت شعر نیما بر اساس رویکرد بوگراند و درسلر

نویسنده
دانش‌آموختۀ دکتری زبان و ادبیات فارسی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد/ مدرس دانشگاه بین‌المللی امام‌ رضا(ع)، مشهد، ایران.
چکیده
هدف از پژوهش حاضر ـ که به شیوۀ توصیفی ـ تحلیلی و آماری انجام شده است ـ بر‌رسی معیار انسجام و یکی از مؤلفه‌های آن یعنی نظم هنجار در شعر «منظومه به شهریار» نیما و تأثیر آن بر میزان متنیت شعر اوست. اصل همکاری گرایس مشتمل بر چهار قاعدۀ کمیت، کیفیت، شیوه و ربط است. به عقیدۀ بوگراند و درسلر اصل همکاری گرایس در زبان‌شناسی متن با سنجش جنبه‌های مختلف انسجام، درجۀ آگاهی‌بخشی و متنیت متن را تعیین می‌کند. گوینده برای ایجاد معانی ضمنی می‌تواند از اصول گرایس تخطی کند. تخطی از سه شرط قاعدۀ شیوه یعنی «رعایت نظم و ترتیب کلام»، «گزیده‌گویی» و «دوری از ابهام» بر انسجام و میزان متنیت شعر «منظومه به شهریار» نیما تأثیر می‌گذارد. یافته‌های آماری نشان می‌دهد که نیما از سه روش ممکن برای تغییر نظم هنجار کلام یعنی «جا­به­جایی سازه­ها» در گروه و جمله، «جملات معترضه» و «هم­پایه­افزایی» با بسامد بالایی در شعر «منظومه به شهریار» استفاده کرده است. نتیجه اینکه برهم ‌خوردن انسجام شعری به‌وسیلۀ تخطی از قاعدۀ شیوه، کارکرد‌ها و اهدافی در شعر نیما دارد؛ اما به‌طور کلی سبب تضعیف آگاهی‌بخشی و متنیت شعر وی شده است.



8 . پی‌نوشت‌ها

کلیدواژه‌ها

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