پرهیز سیاستمداران ایرانی از عذرخواهی راستین و توجیه فرهنگی آن: پژوهشی در کاربردشناسی زبان

نوع مقاله : مقالات علمی پژوهشی

نویسنده
استادیار گروه زبان شناسی، دانشکده ادبیات و زبان های خارجی دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
عذرخواهی‏ سیاسی گونه‏ای عذرخواهی است که در آن سیاسیون برای ترمیم وجهۀ خود، برآورده‏ ساختن مطالبۀ عموم و آرام کردن افراد آسیب‏دیده (از خطاها و قصوراتی که بنا به مسئولیتشان متوجه آنان است)، اقدام به آن می‏کنند. اما عذرخواهی‏ سبک و سیاق خاصی دارد. کمپف (2009) الگوها و راهکارهای کلامی را می‏شناساند که افراد با تمسک به آنان از عذرخواهی واقعی اجتناب می‏کنند؛ بهکار بردن ابزارهای واژگانی و نحوی خاص، محو یا کم‌رنگ نشان ‏دادن کنندۀ کار، انکار مسئولیت، انتخاب قربانی خاص، کاستن از تعداد قربانیان، انتخاب قربانی خاص و نیز عذرخواهی به‏دلیل بخشی از خطا یا سبک آن و ... نمونه‏هایی از این راهکارهاست. با بررسی 100 نمونه عذرخواهی سیاسی انعکاس‌یافتۀ رسانه‏های داخلی براساس الگوهای کمپف (2009) این پژوهش مدعی است که عذرخواهی‏های سیاسی در ایران صادقانه نیست، اما با افزودن عنصر فرهنگ و درنظر داشتِ نقش ترمیمی عذرخواهی می‌توان به درک بهتری از آن دست یافت. یافته‏های پژوهش حاکی از آن‏ است که محو یا کم‏رنگ کردن مسئولیت خود یا پذیرش مسئولیت بخشی از خطا ازجمله راهبرد‏های اصلی مورداستفادۀ سیاستمداران ایرانی در طفره رفتن از عذرخواهی‏راستین است، اما این عدم صداقت در میم‏های فرهنگی جامعۀ جمع‏گرا، صداقت‏گریز و اغراق زدۀ ایرانی ریشه دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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