بررسی انواع تکرار کامل در گویش قاینی در چارچوب نظریۀ بهینگی موازی و لایه‌ای

نوع مقاله : مقالات علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 استادیار زبان‌شناسی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.
2 استادیار زبان‌شناسی، دانشگاه ولی‌عصر (عج) رفسنجان، رفسنجان، ایران.
چکیده
فرایند تکرار در دهه‌های اخیر بسیار موردتوجه زبان‌شناسان قرار گرفته ‌است. هدف پژوهش حاضر توصیف و تحلیل انواع تکرار کامل شامل تکرار کامل ناافزدوه، تکرار کامل افزودۀ میانی و پایانی و تکرار کامل پژواکی (با تغییر همخوان آغازی یا واکه جزء مکرر) در گویش قاینی براساس نظریۀ بهینگی موازی و به‌ویژه رویکرد بهینگی لایه‌ای است. بدین منظور داده‌های مکرر موردبررسی براساس الگوی تکرار شقاقی (1379 و 1397) به روش اسنادی و میدانی با ضبط گفتار آزاد و مصاحبه با 20 گویشور بومی بی‌سواد/ کم‌سواد با سن بالای 60 سال جمع‌آوری شده ‏است. در تحلیل برخی داده‌ها نیاز است برون‌داد صحیح مرحله‌به‌مرحله پیش‌بینی ‌شود تا اشتقاق ساخت‌واژی به‌درستی بررسی شود. رویکرد بهینگی موازی به‌دلیل ماهیت تک‌سطحی (درون‌داد و برون‌داد) آن قادر به تبیین برخی داده‌های مکرر نیست، از‌این‌رو، رویکرد بهینگی لایه‌ای که هیچ‌گونه محدودیتی بر تعداد و نوع لایه‌ها ندارد، در تحلیل تکرار کامل افزوده میانی و پایانی استفاد شده ‌است. در این پژوهش، تکرار کامل افزودۀ پایانی در دو سطح ستاک بررسی می‌شود که در هر دو سطح محدودیت ONSET بالاترین رتبه را دارد. در تکرار کامل افزودۀ میانی با افزودن پی‌بست /o/ چون همخوان پایانی پایه مشدد می‌شود، به دو سطح ستاک و یک سطح واژه نیاز است. در تکرار کامل افزودۀ میانی فقط در سطح ستاک الف مرتبه‌بندی محدودیت‌ها متفاوت است، زیرا نوع جزء مکرر (پژواکی یا غیرپژواکی) در این سطح مشخص می‌شود، اما در دو سطح بعدی، سطح ستاک ب و سطح واژه که مشمول تشدید و بازهجابندی هستند، محدودیت‌ها دارای مرتبه‌بندی یکسانی هستند. درنهایت، یافته‏ها نشان داد نظریه بهینگی لایه‏ای تحلیل روشن‏تری از لایه‏های میانی در فرایند تکرار کامل افزوده میانی و پایانی ارائه می‏کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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