The Polysemic Representation of the Verb /c ̌ijən/ in Kurdish Based on Cognitive Approach

Articles in Press

Document Type : مقالات علمی پژوهشی

Authors
Z. Parvini rad 1
M. Dehghan 2
A. Korani 1
1 Department of English Language and Linguistics, Humanities Faculty, Kermanshah branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
2 Department of English and Linguistics, Faculty of Language and Literature, University of Kurdistan
Abstract
The issue of polysemy has been considered within cognitive approach by Iranian linguists in recent years. That’s because the authors have analyzed the simple form of the verb /čijən/ (i.e., going) in kalhori /kermanshaian Kurdish based on principled–polysemy approach proposed by Evans & Green in 2006. In this qualitative study, the data were collected through Kurdish speakers’ daily conversation and analyzed based on the mentioned approach in a descriptive-analytic way. Also, the authors used Kurdish speakers and their own linguistic intuition to approve the authenticity of the data. The results showed that the prototypical meaning of this verb was “GO” that has forty-five distinct meanings, such as “travel”, “drive”, “migrate”, “flow”, “set”, “finish”, “charge”, “send'', etc. in its own semantic clusters including six distinct semantic clusters. Finally, these forty-five distinct meanings along with their six semantic clusters were illustrated in a semantic network. Also, the findings showed that a favorable explanation of the polysemy of this verb in Kalhori Kurdish can be obtained based on the mentioned approach. The polysemy representation of this verb in Kalhori Kurdish can be useful for a better understanding of the polysemy of other verbs in Kurdish.

Keywords

Subjects

References
Abasi, N. & M, R. Orouji & B. Rahbar. (2020). "‌Cognitive study of polysemy in simple adjectives of Azarbaijani Turkish: cognitive approach." Journal of western of Iranian languages and dialects. 8 (1):51.71. ]In persian .[
Afrashi, A. & S.S. Joukandan (2014). " polysemic analysis of the verb (hear) in Persian. Adab pazhuhi. 30: 29-59.]In Persian[.
Afrashi, A. & S. Asgari (2017). " Polysemic analysis of the verb "see" in Persian" Jaurnal of Comparative linguistics researches. 7 (14):61-73. ]In Persian[.
Amozadeh. M & Karimi Doostan. Gh & Sharif, B. (2016). "‌The semantic network of the verb “Gereftan” Based on principled – polysemy model ". Language Researches. 7(1):117-136. ]In Persian[.
Antunano, I, L. (1999). Polysemy and metaphor in perception Verbs: A Cross – Linguistic study, PhD Thesis, University of Edinburgh.
Antunano, I. L. (2002). “Mind – as-body as a cross –Linguistic conceptual metaphor”. Journal of English and American studies, 25‌:93-119.
Bateni, M, R. (2006). Language and Thougth. Eight publication Tehran: Agah. ]In Persian[
Brugman, C. (2001). “Light verbs and polysemy”. Language Sciencec. 23 (4): 551-578.
Brugman, C., G. Lakoff, (2003). ‌Cognitive Topology and lexical Networks. In Cognitive Linguistics, Basic Reading, edited by Dirk Geeraerts, Mouton de Gruyters.
Dehghan, M. & B. Afshari. (2018). "A semantic- pragmatic study of /ʔæra/ in Kurdish: a cognitive Perspective". Journal of Language and Linguistics. 14 (27): 147-165. ]In Persian[.
Evans, V.&A. Tyler, (2oo4a). "Rethinking English prepositions of movement: The case of To and Through". Belgian Journal of Linguistics. 18:247-270.
Evans, V. & M. Green. (2006). Cognitive Linguistics: An Introduction. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press Ltd.
Geeraerts, D. & H. Cuyckens (2007). The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kroeger, P.R. (2018). Analyzing meaning: An introduction to semantics and Pragmatics. Berlin: Language Science Press.
Lakoff, G. (1987). Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal about the Mind. Chicago: Chicago University Press, Illinois.
Lakoff, G. & M. Johnson, (1980). Metaphors we Live by. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
Lee, D. (2001). Cognitive Linguistics: An Introduction. Oxford: Oxford university Press.
Newman, J.& S. Rice, (2004). "‌Patterns of usage for English SIT , STAND, and LIE: A Cognitively inspired exploration in corpus Linguistics". Cognitive Linguistics, 15 (3): 351-396.
Ghaderi, M. & Yoosefi rad, F. & Afrashi, A. & Roushan, B. (2019). "‌Systematic polysemy in cognitive approach: studying the polysemy of "‌see" in Persian" Journal of western Iranian Languages and Dialects. 7 (40):73-91. ]‌In Persian[.
Rahmati nezhad, L. & Asi, M. & Gholi Famiyan, A, R.& Ghayomi, M. (2019). “semantic study of the verb “say": within mold semantic frame-work” Journal of Language related research. 52:55-89 [In Persian [.
Razaviyan, H.& M. Khanzade. (2014). "the polysemic study of the preposition /be/ in Persian in cognitive approach". Journal of Western Iranian Languages and Dialects. 2(7):57-79 [In persian [.
Tyler, A. & V. Evans. (2003). Reconsidering Prepositional Polysemy Network: The case of over" In: B. Nerlich.Z. Todd, V. Herman & D.D. Clark (Eds.). Polysemy: Flexible Patterns of Meaning in Mind and Language. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Ungerer, H, J, and F. Schmid. (1996). An introduction to cognitive Linguistics. London: Longman.
Vandergucht, F. & K. Willem & L. D. Guypere (2007). "The Iconicity of Embodied Meaning: Polysemy of Spatial Prepostions in the cognitive Framework". Language Sciences, 29: 733-754.
Language Related Research

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 13 July 2025