تحلیل فرایند نظام های گفتمانی کنشی و تنشی در شعر «کتیبۀ» اخوان ثالث

Literary semiotics, as both a theory and method of literary discourse analysis, examines the structure of meaning by analyzing the internal organization of discourse systems. This article investigates two discursive systems—action and tension—in the poem Katibeh by Akhavan-e Sales. Both systems are grounded in the notion of deficiency; however, they differ in the source of this deficiency. The action-oriented narrative system is based on external deficiency imposed by the surrounding environment of the narrative agent, in which action constitutes the central organizing principle. In this system, the agent is able to transform unfavorable external conditions through purposeful action and narrative intervention. In contrast, the tension-oriented system originates from internal, emotional deficiency and is shaped through interaction with tradition, history, futurity, the qualitative dimension of lived experience, and interpretive knowledge of the world. In this system, the narrative agent attains a heightened cognitive state under emotional pressure, often accompanied by astonishment, and aesthetic meaning is produced through this internal tension. The poem Katibeh, due to its narrative structure, integrates both action-based and value-oriented tension systems, making it suitable for analysis in terms of semantic and symbolic discourse organization. It represents human suffering and the articulation of existential and social disillusionment. Using a descriptive-analytical approach, this study identifies discourse strategies such as action systems, tension-emotional systems, conceptual elaboration, addressee orientation, and communicative function in the poem, and demonstrates how the interaction of these discourse systems produces a coherent and enduring layer of meaning.