The Study of the Impact of Early Maladaptive Schemas on Request-Making Strategies

Document Type : مقالات علمی پژوهشی

Authors
1 M.A. holder of General linguistics, Allameh Tabataba'i University
2 Assistant Professor of Linguistics, Allameh Tabataba'i University
Abstract
Early maladaptive schemas are mentally dysfunctional patterns that are formed since birth following the unfulfillment of human needs. The purpose of this research is to discover the relationship between the early maladaptive schemas of the fourth domain and their coping styles with direct and indirect requests. In general, 18 schemas are formed as a result of five needs not being thoroughly fulfilled in humans. In this research, only the schemas of the fourth domain, are discussed and investigated. Each person copes with their schemas in three different ways. In this research, two coping styles, surrendering and compensation, are examined. To collect data, the request style questionnaire, designed by the researcher, the Young Parenting Inventory (YSQ), and the compensation questionnaires of Young (2003) were handed out online. The participants, 73 males, and 169 females were born from 1981 to 1996, held bachelor's or master's degrees, and lived with both their parents until the age of 18. First, the request-style questionnaire was examined qualitatively according to the theory of Brown and Levinson (1987), and then the research data were analyzed using inferential statistics. According to the findings, the compensation style of domain four schemas has a direct relationship with the direct request, and the surrender style of domain four schemas has a direct relation with the indirect request. Also, gender does not affect direct or indirect request-making.

Keywords

Subjects


Bresnahan, M.I. (1993). Gender Differences in Initiating Requests for Help. Text, 13, 7-27.
Brown, P., Levinson, S.C. (1987). Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Fabriani, Y., Hanidar, S. (2019). Request Strategies in the American TV Series Full House. Lexicon, (6)1, 51-58.
Gborsong, P.A. (2016). Communication, Gender, and Formality: A Study of Request Forms Used by Undergraduate Students in Ghana. Advances in Journalism and Communication, 4, 16-30.
IRKÖRÜCÜ, A. (2016). Gender differences in early maladaptive schemas. Journal of Ufuk University Institute of Social Sciences. 5(9).
Lakoff, R.T. (1976). Language and Woman's Place. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Önem, E.E. (2016). A study on gender differences in The Length of Request in Turkish. Journal of Language and Linguistics Studies, 12(2), 13-21.
Rafaeli, E., Bernstein, D.P., Young, J.E. (2011). Schema Therapy: Distinctive Features. Sussex: Routledge.
Searle, J.R. (1979). Expression and Meaning. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Totimeh E.O., Bosiwah L. (2015). Polite Request Among the Akyem Speech Community in Ghana. International Journal of Language and Linguistics. 3(2), 76-89.
Young, J.E., & Klosko, J. S. (1993). Reinventing your life: how to break free from negative life patterns. New York: Plume.
Alasti, S. (1391). The relation between education, age, and gender with request-making strategies and answering to the request. (M.A. thesis).
Sheikhmohammadi, Ch., Yarahmadi Zehi, N., Mohammadian, A. (1398). Selection of the Request Speech Act Strategies in Kurdish Regarding Two Social Factors: Gender and Power.
Ghiyasian, M., Eslami Rasekh, Z., Vakilifard, A., Sedaghat, E. (1392). Requesting Strategies: A Comparative Study among Persian Speakers and Foreign Persian Learners.
Hedayat, N. The impact of gender on request-making strategies.
Young, J. E., Klosko, J. S., & Weishaar, M. E. (2003). Schema therapy: A practitioner's guide: Volume 1. Translated by Hamidpour H., Andouz, Z. (1397)
Young, J. E., Klosko, J. S., & Weishaar, M. E. (2003). Schema therapy: A practitioner's guide: Volume 2. Translated by Hamidpour H., Andouz, Z. (1389)
Yaghoubi, H. (1387) The impact of gender on request-making strategies in Farsi. (M.A. thesis).

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 13 July 2025